Prevalence and prognostic importance of exercise limitation and physical inactivity in COPD.

Exercise limitation and physical inactivity are separate, but related constructs. Both are commonly present in individuals with COPD, contribute to disease burden over and above the respiratory impairments, and are independently predictive of adverse outcomes. Because of this, clinicians should consider assessing these variables in their patients with COPD.

Defining Modern Pulmonary Rehabilitation. An Official American Thoracic Society Workshop Report.

Pulmonary rehabilitation is a highly effective treatment for people with chronic lung disease but remains underused across the world. Recent years have seen the emergence of new program models that aim to improve access and uptake, including telerehabilitation and low-cost, home-based models. This workshop was convened to achieve consensus on the essential components of pulmonary rehabilitation and to identify requirements for successful implementation of emerging program models.

Effects of eHealth-Based Interventions on Adherence to Components of Cardiac Rehabilitation: A Systematic Review.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effects of eHealth-based interventions on patient adherence to components of cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement guided this review. Medline, CINAHL, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies published from January 1996 to December 2017.

Functional status measures for the COPD patient: A practical categorization.

The objective of this study is to review available functional status measures (FSMs) validated for use in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) population and categorizing the measures by their commonalities to formulate a framework that supports clinicians in the selection and application of FSMs. A literature review identifying valid and reliable measures of functional status for people with COPD was undertaken. Measures were thematically analyzed and categorized to develop a framework for clinical application.

Incorporating telemedicine into the integrated care of the COPD patient a summary of an interdisciplinary workshop held in Stresa, Italy, 7-8 September 2017.

This report is a summary of a workshop focusing on using telemedicine to facilitate the integrated care of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Twenty-five invited participants from 8 countries met for one and one-half days in Stresa, Italy on 7-8 September 2017, to discuss this topic. Participants included physiotherapists, nurses, a nurse practitioner, and physicians.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Education in Pulmonary Rehabilitation. An Official American Thoracic Society/Thoracic Society of Australia and New Zealand/Canadian Thoracic Society/British Thoracic Society Workshop Report.

According to the 2013 American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement on pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), education to promote effective self-management is a cornerstone of this intervention. Despite education's stature within PR, there is currently limited evidence supporting its overall efficacy, and minimal evidence guiding its optimal design and delivery. This workshop was convened to focus on the current state of education in PR for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, who are the most common people referred to PR.

Safety of inhaled long-acting anti-muscarinic agents in COPD.

Evidence-based guidelines recommend inhaled long-acting anti-muscarinic agents (LAMAs) as first-line maintenance therapy for symptomatic patients with COPD. Several LAMAs are now available for use either as monotherapy or in combination with other COPD medications, including long-acting β-agonists (LABAs) or inhaled corticosteroids (ICS). The efficacy and long-term safety of these medications have been evaluated in multiple clinical trials and real-life studies.

Meeting the challenge of COPD care delivery in the USA: a multiprovider perspective.

The burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the USA continues to grow. Although progress has been made in the the development of diagnostics, therapeutics, and care guidelines, whether patients' quality of life is improved will ultimately depend on the actual implementation of care and an individual patient's access to that care. In this Commission, we summarise expert opinion from key stakeholders-patients, caregivers, and medical professionals, as well as representatives from health systems, insurance companies, and industry-to understand barriers to care delivery and propose potential solutions.

Why Don't Our Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Listen to Us? The Enigma of Nonadherence.

Nonadherence--not taking pharmacologic or nonpharmacologic treatments according to agreed recommendations from a health care provider--is common in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nonadherence in taking maintenance medications, smoking cessation, maintaining regular physical activity and exercise, starting and staying in pulmonary rehabilitation and continuing on with the postrehabilitation exercise/activity prescription, and successfully following self-management directions results in adverse outcomes across multiple areas. These include a faster decline in airway function, higher symptom burden, impaired health status, and increased health care use and mortality risk.

An Official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society Policy Statement: Enhancing Implementation, Use, and Delivery of Pulmonary Rehabilitation.

Rationale: Pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) has demonstrated physiological, symptom-reducing, psychosocial, and health economic benefits for patients with chronic respiratory diseases, yet it is underutilized worldwide. Insufficient funding, resources, and reimbursement; lack of healthcare professional, payer, and patient awareness and knowledge; and additional patient-related barriers all contribute to the gap between the knowledge of the science and benefits of PR and the actual delivery of PR services to suitable patients.

Objectives: The objectives of this document are to enhance implementation, use, and delivery of pulmonary rehabilitation to suitable individuals worldwide.

Evidence-based outcomes from pulmonary rehabilitation in the chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patient.

The aim of this article is to appraise the quality of evidence reported for important outcomes in pulmonary rehabilitation using the approach of the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation Working Group. This appraisal was carried out by identifying Cochrane systematic reviews and systematic reviews that have been subsequently reported since the last Cochrane report. The focus of this appraisal was to determine the effectiveness of pulmonary rehabilitation programs versus control therapy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

An official American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society statement: key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation.

Background: Pulmonary rehabilitation is recognized as a core component of the management of individuals with chronic respiratory disease. Since the 2006 American Thoracic Society (ATS)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) Statement on Pulmonary Rehabilitation, there has been considerable growth in our knowledge of its efficacy and scope.

Purpose: The purpose of this Statement is to update the 2006 document, including a new definition of pulmonary rehabilitation and highlighting key concepts and major advances in the field.

History of pulmonary critical care nursing and where we are going.

Pulmonary critical care nurses have played a prominent role in the ICUs from the inception of critical care units. This article describes how the history of pulmonary critical care nursing has evolved and discusses a few of the challenges in the years to come: stress imposed by working in a critical care environment, enhancing the care of patients by altering patterns of sedation and promoting early mobilization, and dealing with increasing infection rates.

A review of nonsurgical treatment for the symptom of irritability in infants with GERD.

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to assess effectiveness of nonsurgical treatment on irritable behavior of infants with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

Design And Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted.

Results: Research targeted treatment for irritability in infants with gastroesophageal reflux disease.

An official American Thoracic Society statement: update on the mechanisms, assessment, and management of dyspnea.

Background: Dyspnea is a common, distressing symptom of cardiopulmonary and neuromuscular diseases. Since the ATS published a consensus statement on dyspnea in 1999, there has been enormous growth in knowledge about the neurophysiology of dyspnea and increasing interest in dyspnea as a patient-reported outcome.

Purpose: The purpose of this document is to update the 1999 ATS Consensus Statement on dyspnea.

Teaching inhaler use in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients.

Purpose: To review barriers to the successful use of inhalers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and the role of the nurse practitioner (NP) in facilitating optimum inhaler use.

Data Sources: Review of the national and international scientific literature.

Conclusions: Pharmacologic treatment of COPD patients comprises mainly inhaled medications.

Improving adherence with inhaler therapy in COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major public health problem, associated with considerable morbidity and health care costs. The global burden of COPD morbidity is predicted to rise substantially in the coming decade, but could be moderated by better use of existing management strategies. Smoking cessation, medication therapy, and pulmonary rehabilitation have all been shown to diminish morbidity and improve patient outcomes.

Pulmonary rehabilitation: WHAT WE KNOW AND WHAT WE NEED TO KNOW.

The multidisciplinary treatment of pulmonary rehabilitation (PR), which includes exercise training, self-management education, and psychosocial and nutritional intervention, is now a standard of care for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and has been incorporated into major guidelines. We must now focus efforts on improving its impact and widening its applicability. What is the direction of PR; where does it fit in the comprehensive care of the COPD patient; and how can clinicians best apply this important intervention? This was the charge of the roundtable discussion, Pulmonary Rehabilitation: Moving Forward, involving 20 experts from North America and Europe, which was convened in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, in early 2008.