Factors associated with rotavirus diarrhoea in children living in a socially diverse urban centre in Brazil.

A case-control study, aimed at identifying factors associated with rotavirus diarrhoea cases presenting to health facilities, was conducted in children from low-income and middle-low-income families in Brazil. Cases were 390 children with diarrhoea and rotavirus in stools; controls were 1674 children without diarrhoea presenting to the same facilities. Data were collected by questionnaire and observations during home visits.

Candida species isolated from the vaginal mucosa of HIV-infected women in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is the second most common vaginal infection. HIV-infection is a risk factor for this infection.

Objective: To determine the frequency of VVC and to describe the main Candida species isolated and their susceptibility to antifungal drugs in HIV-infected patients, compared to HIV-uninfected women in Salvador, Brazil.

[Vaginal infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected women].

Purpose: to compare the frequency of vulvovaginitis in women infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with the frequency in non-infected women.

Methods: a transversal study including 64 HIV infected women and 76 non-infected ones. The frequencies of bacterial vaginosis, candidiasis and trichomoniasis, diagnosed by Amsel's criteria, culture and fresh exam, respectively, were calculated.

A hierarchical model for studying risk factors for childhood diarrhoea: a case-control study in a middle-income country.

Objective: To identify factors associated with diarrhoea occurrence in children in a city in a middle-income country, with high access to water and sanitation.

Methods: A case-control study in the city of Salvador, north-eastern Brazil was conducted from November 2002 to August 2004. The study population consisted of children presenting at a health facility.

Detection of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from children with and without diarrhea in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.

We identified different diarrheagenic (DEC) Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from 1,207 children with and without acute endemic diarrhea in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil collected as part of a case-control study. Since the identification of DEC cannot be based on only biochemical and culture criteria, we used a multiplex polymerase chain reaction developed by combining five specific primer pairs for Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Shiga toxin-producing E. coli/ Enterohaemorrhagic E.