Smoking and vertical bone defects in a Saudi Arabian population.

Purpose: To investigate the relationship between water pipe and cigarette smoking and the prevalence and severity of vertical periodontal bone defects.

Material And Methods: A study sample of 355 individuals in the age range 17 to 60 years was recruited from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Full sets of intra-oral radiographs for each individual were assessed with regard to the presence or absence of vertical bone defects.

Tobacco smoking and gingival health in a Saudi Arabian population.

Purpose: While cigarette smoking is recognized as being detrimental to periodontal health, the effect of water pipe smoking on gingival health is not known. The present study was conducted to determine whether water pipe smoking has an influence on gingival health.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in 244 individuals aged 25-70 years.

Tobacco smoking and periodontal health in a Saudi Arabian population.

Background: The objective of this study was to examine the association between tobacco smoking, in particular water pipe smoking, and periodontal health.

Methods: A total of 262 citizens of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in the age range from 17 to 60 years volunteered to participate in the study. The clinical examinations were carried out at King Faisal Specialty Hospital and Research Center in Jeddah and included assessments of oral hygiene, gingival inflammation, and probing depth.

Tobacco smoking and periodontal health in a Saudi Arabian population.

Background & Aim: Tobacco smoking exerts a harmful effect on the periodontal tissues manifested by periodontal pockets, attachment loss and periodontal bone loss. Current evidences on the effects of tobacco on periodontal health mainly concern cigarette smoking. In view of the increasing popularity of water pipe smoking in Arabian countries and reports confirming that water pipe smoking has health effects similar to those of cigarette smoking, there is a need for a better understanding of the potential harm of this smoking habit.

Tobacco smoking and periodontal bone height in a Saudi Arabian population.

Aim: To study the association between tobacco smoking, in particular water pipe smoking, and periodontal bone height.

Methods: A study sample of 355 individuals in the age range 17-60 years was recruited from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The smoking behavior was registered through a questionnaire during interview.

Long-term effect of smoking on vertical periodontal bone loss.

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the influence of smoking on vertical periodontal bone loss over 10 years.

Material And Methods: The study base consisted of a population that was examined on two occasions with a 10-year interval, including 91 individuals, 24 smokers, 24 former smokers, and 43 non-smokers. The assessment of vertical bone loss was based on full sets of intra-oral radiographs from both time points.

Tobacco smoking and periodontal microflora in a Saudi Arabian population.

Objectives: To explore the subgingival periodontal microflora in a Saudi Arabian population with a special focus on its relationship with various smoking habits.

Material And Methods: A total of 198 individuals in the age range 17-60 years were included in the study. 29% were water-pipe smokers, 18% cigarette smokers, 13% smokers of both water pipe and cigarettes (mixed smokers) and 40% non-smokers.

The association of smoking with vertical periodontal bone loss.

Background: Knowledge about the relation between smoking and vertical periodontal bone loss is scant. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between smoking and the prevalence and severity of vertical bone defects.

Methods: Full sets of intraoral radiographs of 249 individuals in 1982 and 229 individuals in 1992 both with an age range 21 to 70 years were assessed with regard to presence or absence of vertical bone defects.

Occurrence of vertical bone defects in dentally aware individuals.

A vertical (angular) defect is a radiographic diagnostic phenomenon of severe periodontal destruction. The objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence and severity of vertical defects in a population of dentally aware individuals at 2 different points in time, 1982 and 1992. Intra-oral radiographs of 251 individuals in 1982 and 247 individuals in 1992 in the age range 21-70 years were assessed with regard to presence or absence of vertical defects adjacent to a maximum of 28 teeth per person.