Secondary headaches in pregnancy and the puerperium.

Headache during pregnancy can be due to primary causes such as migraine but can also be a presenting symptom of secondary causes including life threatening conditions. This is a minireview of secondary causes of headache during pregnancy and the puerperium. Unique alterations in physiological and vascular functions as well as in the coagulation pathway which occur during pregnancy increase the risk of most of these secondary conditions which include preeclampsia, eclampsia, hemorrhagic stroke, cerebral venous, sinus thrombosis, reversible cerebral vascular syndrome, and posterior reversible encephalopathy.

Case report: Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease presenting with acute encephalopathy.

Neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID), a neurodegenerative disease previously thought to be rare, is increasingly recognized despite heterogeneous clinical presentations. NIID is pathologically characterized by ubiquitin and p-62 positive intranuclear eosinophilic inclusions that affect multiple organ systems, including the brain, skin, and other tissues. Although the diagnosis of NIID is challenging due to phenotypic heterogeneity, a greater understanding of the clinical and imaging presentations can improve accurate and early diagnosis.

Magnitude, impact, and stability of primary headache subtypes: 30 year prospective Swiss cohort study.

Objective: To determine the prevalence, impact, and stability of different subtypes of headache in a 30 year prospective follow-up study of a general population sample.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Canton of Zurich, Switzerland.

Headache and biomarkers predictive of vascular disease in a representative sample of US children.

Objective: To examine the association of childhood headache disorders with markers of risk for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease.

Design: Information was collected on severe or recurrent headache or migraine in childhood or adolescence and on biomarkers predictive of vascular disease.

Setting: The National Health and Nutrition Survey, a nationally representative health survey.

Headache in a national sample of American children: prevalence and comorbidity.

The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, and comorbidity of recurrent headache in children in the United States. Participants were individuals aged 4 to 18 years (n = 10,198) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Data on recurrent and other health conditions were analyzed.

Low intensity permanent magnets in the treatment of chronic lumbar radicular pain.

We assessed the pain-relieving efficacy of static magnetic fields produced by 200 Gauss (G) magnets compared with 50G magnets in a double-blind, randomized, two-phase crossover study in patients with chronic lumbar radicular pain. The surface field strengths of the magnets were 200 and 50G. Phase I included four random periods of two-week duration: two periods with 200G, one period with 50G, and one period of "no treatment.

Morphine, nortriptyline and their combination vs. placebo in patients with chronic lumbar root pain.

Although lumbar radicular pain is the most common chronic neuropathic pain syndrome, there have been few randomized studies of drug treatments. We compared the efficacy of morphine (15-90 mg), nortriptyline (25-100 mg), their combination, and a benztropine "active placebo" (0.25-1 mg) in patients with chronic sciatica.

Effects of chronic osteoarthritis pain on neuroendocrine function in men.

Context: Chronic pain has been associated with elevated cortisol, reduced LH and testosterone (T), and/or augmented circulating or excreted catecholamines. Most endocrine studies have been conducted in patients in whom the potentially confounding effects of depression, inflammatory disease, or coexistent medication use have not been controlled.

Objective: The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that chronic pain activates ACTH-cortisol and suppresses LH-T.

Topiramate in chronic lumbar radicular pain.

Unlabelled: Chronic lumbar radicular pain is the most common neuropathic pain syndrome. This was a double-blind, randomized, 2-period crossover trial of topiramate (50 to 400 mg) and diphenhydramine (6.25 to 50 mg) as active placebo to assess the efficacy of topiramate.