Self-Directed-Team Learning (SDTL) in Medical Education.

To prepare for the complex and evolving world of clinical practice, medical students must acquire a large body of knowledge, become proficient pursuing self-directed learning (SDL), and learn to collaborate effectively in teams. We propose an innovative educational approach that fosters these competencies and was inspired by both SDL and team-based learning (TBL), called self-directed-team learning (SDTL).

An innovative educational approach to teach high school students the physiological mechanisms and nutrition concepts associated with the development of obesity.

An interdisciplinary team-teaching session was introduced to high school students who participated in the Oakland University William Beaumont Future Physician Summer Enrichment Program. The rising prevalence of adolescent obesity necessitates innovative educational strategies that effectively engage high school students in understanding the complex physiologic mechanisms and nutrition concepts underlying its development. This submission presents a session that is designed to integrate the physiological concepts and nutrition that are associated with the development of obesity.

A Qualitative Analysis on the Effectiveness of Peer Feedback in Team-Based Learning.

Introduction: There is limited information on medical students' perceptions of peer feedback in team-based learning (TBL), both in terms of its value and how it has affected them as they move forward in their careers. The primary goals of this study were to examine students' perceptions about their peer feedback experiences throughout medical school and into residency and to identify areas for improvement to develop a more valuable experience.

Materials And Methods: This study utilized exploratory qualitative research.

Vascular function curve: confusion, clarification and new insights.

The vascular function curve (VFC) in cardiovascular physiology describes the relationship between the venous return (VR in L/min, in the Y-axis) and the right atrial pressure (RAP in mmHg, in the X-axis). However, in some literature, the RAP is considered the independent variable (IV) and the VR the dependent variable (DV), whereas in other literature, the VR is the IV and the RAP the DV. Because of this confusion, when the VFC is combined with the cardiac function curve (CFC), which describes the relationship between the cardiac output and the RAP, it is not strange that the interpretations of the combination are problematic.

Teaching in Uncertain Times: Expanding the Scope of Extraneous Cognitive Load in the Cognitive Load Theory.

The COVID-19 pandemic caused an unprecedented and highly threatening, constrained, and confusing social and educational environment, we decided to expand the traditional focus of the extraneous load in Cognitive Load Theory (CLT) acknowledging the psychological environment in which learning occurs. We therefore adapted and implemented principles of the CLT to reduce extraneous load for our students by facilitating their educational activities. Given previous empirical support for the principles of CLT, it was expected that the adoption of these principles might enable our students to cultivate attitudes and skills across multiple domains such as online learning and presentation technologies, implementing and maintaining a "classroom atmosphere" in a virtual environment, participating in discussions among large online groups of students, facilitating group work, providing virtual office hours for students, and proactively planning for upcoming semesters.

Threshold Concepts in Preclinical Medical Education: Students' Perceptions.

Threshold concepts are those ideas that learners often find difficult, but must understand in order to master a discipline. Nearly all research into threshold concepts has been from the perspective of teachers. We argue that the students' perspectives can also be helpful.

Cutaneous JAK Expression in Vitiligo.

Background: The Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathway has been suggested as a promising therapeutic target in vitiligo. However, limited data is available on the cutaneous expression of JAK in vitiligo.

Aim: This study is designed to analyze the cutaneous expression patterns of JAK1, 2, and 3 in vitiligo and investigate their relation to the disease clinical parameters.

Effects of different therapeutic modalities for postacne scars on circulating collagen III.

Background: Therapies for postacne scarring act through modulation of elastin and collagen, and collagen III might therefore represent a biomarker of treatment effectiveness.

Patients And Methods: Patients (n = 70) with postacne scars and individuals without scars (n = 56) were included in this case-control study. Patients were treated with Dermaroller microneedling, trichloroacetic acid chemical reconstruction, punch excision, or scar subcision.

How to Receive Criticism: Theory and Practice from Cognitive and Cultural Approaches.

Mistakes in clinical practice may have life-or-death consequences for patients. Training in how to give and receive feedback has been emphasized in medical education for decades, yet medical practitioners continue to struggle with these practices. Giving feedback is difficult because it is not easy for a receiver to receive feedback.

Novel approaches for two and three dimensional multiplexed imaging of osteocytes.

Although osteocytes have historically been viewed as quiescent cells, it is now clear that they are highly active cells in bone and play key regulatory roles in diverse skeletal functions, including mechanotransduction, phosphate homeostasis and regulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activity. Three dimensional imaging of embedded osteocytes and their dendritic connections within intact bone specimens can be quite challenging and many of the currently available methods are actually imaging the lacunocanalicular network rather than the osteocytes themselves. With the explosion of interest in the field of osteocyte biology, there is an increased need for reliable ways to image these cells in live and fixed bone specimens.