Calcium's Role and Signaling in Aging Muscle, Cellular Senescence, and Mineral Interactions.

Calcium research, since its pivotal discovery in the early 1800s through the heating of limestone, has led to the identification of its multi-functional roles. These include its functions as a reducing agent in chemical processes, structural properties in shells and bones, and significant role in cells relating to this review: cellular signaling. Calcium signaling involves the movement of calcium ions within or between cells, which can affect the electrochemical gradients between intra- and extracellular membranes, ligand binding, enzyme activity, and other mechanisms that determine cell fate.

The Remedial Potential of Lycopene in Pancreatitis through Regulation of Autophagy.

Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that degrades damaged organelles and recycles macromolecules to support cell survival. However, in certain disease states, dysregulated autophagy can play an important role in cell death. In pancreatitis, the accumulation of autophagic vacuoles and damaged mitochondria and premature activation of trypsinogen are shown in pancreatic acinar cells (PACs), which are the hallmarks of impaired autophagy.

Korean Red Ginseng Inhibits Amyloid-β-Induced Apoptosis and Nucling Expression in Human Neuronal Cells.

Introduction: The accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) plaque in the brain is a characteristic feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the cause of fatal oxidative damage to neuronal cells. Korean red ginseng (RG) is used extensively in traditional medicine and is known to have anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.

Objective: This study aims to investigate whether Korean RG extract inhibits Aβ-induced neuronal apoptosis.