Cloning and Expression Analysis of and in the Testes of Mature Yaks and Their Sterile Hybrids.

The objective of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism of male sterility in yak hybrids based on and . Total RNA was extracted from the testes of adult yaks ( = 11) and sterile cattle-yaks ( = 11) followed by reverse transcription. The coding sequence (CDS) of yak and were obtained by conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and gene cloning.

Comparative Proteomics Study of Yak Milk from Standard and Naturally Extended Lactation Using iTRAQ Technique.

Extended lactation is a common phenomenon in lactating yaks under grazing and natural reproduction conditions. To elucidate differences in milk protein compositions and mammary gland functions between yaks of standard lactation (TL yaks) and prolonged lactation (HL yaks), whole milk samples of TL yaks and HL yaks ( = 15 each) were collected from a yak pasture at the northwest highland of China. The iTRAQ technique was used to compare the skim milk proteins in the two yak groups.

Cloning and Expression Analysis of Two Kdm Lysine Demethylases in the Testes of Mature Yaks and Their Sterile Hybrids.

The objective of this study was to explore the molecular mechanism for male sterility of yak hybrids based on two demethylases. Total RNA was extracted from the testes of adult yaks ( = 10) and yak hybrids (cattle-yaks, = 10). The coding sequences (CDS) of two lysine demethylases (KDMs), KDM1A and KDM4B, were cloned by RT-PCR.

Purification and properties of a monomeric lactate dehydrogenase from yak Hypoderma sinense larva.

The objective of the present study was to study the characteristics of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) from Hypoderma sinense larva. H. sinense larvae were collected from yak (Bos grunniens) and identified by a PCR-RFLP method.

Alternative splicing of testis-specific lactate dehydrogenase C gene in mammals and pigeon.

The objective of the present study was to confirm the widespread existence of alternative splicing of lactate dehydrogenase c (ldhc) gene in mammals. RT-PCR was employed to amplify cDNAs of ldhc from testes of mammals including pig, dog, rabbit, cat, rat, and mouse, as well as pigeon. Two to six kinds of splice variants of ldhc were observed in the seven species as a result of deletion of one or more exons or insertion of partial sequence of an intron in the mature mRNA.

High-altitude adaptation of yak based on genetic variants and activity of lactate dehydrogenase-1.

This study investigates the molecular mechanism by which yaks (Bos grunniens) adapt to hypoxia based on lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Three LDH1 variants of the yak were revealed in tissue extracts by electrophoresis, including LDH1-F, LDH1-M, and LDH1-S. Kinetic analysis using purified LDH1 variants showed that the yak LDH1-M variant exhibited a similar K (m) (NADH) and the same mobility on a gel as bovine LDH1, and the LDH1-F variant showed significant differences in K (m) values for NADH or pyruvate from the other two variants of yak LDH1 and bovine LDH1.

Analysis of Yak MUC1 Protein Polymorphisms and the Corresponding VNTR Structure.

The genotypes and protein polymorphisms of milk epithelial mucin (MUC1) were analyzed by touch-down PCR and SDS-PAGE respectively using blood samples and milk collected from 50 lactating yaks. A total of seven alleles were revealed, namely A, B, C, D, E, F, and G, and the corresponding number of repetitive units of variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) in MUC1 gene were 21, 20, 19, 18, 17, 16, and 15, respectively. Fifteen genotypes of MUC1 were observed in yaks.

Identification of yak lactate dehydrogenase B gene variants by gene cloning.

Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that two types of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) existed in yaks. Based on the electrophoresis characteristics of LDH isoenzymes, yak LDH variants were speculated to be the gene mutation on H subunit encoded by B gene. According to the mobility in electrophoresis, the fast-band LDH type was named LDH-Hf and the slow-band LDH type LDH-Hs.

Yak lactate dehydgogenase A4: purification, properties, and cDNA cloning.

Lactate dehydrogenase A4 (LDH-A4) was purified for yak skeletal muscle. Michaelis constant (Km) analysis showed that yak LDH-A4 for pyruvate was significantly higher than that of cattle. cDNA cloning of LDH-A revealed two amino acid substitutions between yak and cattle.

Cloning and sequence analysis of multiple splice variants of lactate dehydrogenase C in yak testes.

Lactate dehydrogenase C (LDH-C) has been reported to play a role in the energy metabolism of mammal spermatozoa. However, the functions and expression patterns of LDH-C still remain unclear. In order to elucidate the functions and expression patterns of LDH-C, we cloned the cDNA of yak LDH-C.