Tip-loaded dissolving microneedles for transdermal delivery of donepezil hydrochloride for treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

Donepezil hydrochloride (DPH) is often used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A new treatment method was developed by encapsulating high DPH content in the tips of dissolving microneedles for rapid, transdermal delivery of a predetermined dose of DPH. The microneedles were prepared by a micromolding method using a hydroxy-propyl-methyl-cellulose (HPMC)-ethanol/water mixture (80:20, v/v) for the tips and carboxy-methyl cellulose (CMC)-water for the base of the needles.

Inhibitory action of minocycline on lipopolysaccharide-induced release of nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 in BV2 microglial cells.

Microglia are the major inflammatory cells in the central nervous system and become activated in response to brain injuries such as ischemia, trauma, and neurodegenerative diseases including Alzheimer's disease (AD). Moreover, activated microglia are known to release a variety of proinflammatory cytokines and oxidants such as nitric oxide (NO). Minocycline is a semisynthetic second-generation tetracycline that exerts anti-inflammatory effects that are completely distinct form its antimicrobial action.

Correlation between midthigh low-density muscle and insulin resistance in obese nondiabetic patients in Korea.

Objective: We investigated the link between lipid-rich skeletal muscle, namely low-density muscle, and insulin resistance in Korea.

Research Design And Methods: Abdominal adipose tissue areas and midthigh skeletal muscle areas of 75 obese nondiabetic subjects (23 men, 52 women; mean age +/- SD, 41.9 +/- 14.