The characteristics of formula milk marketing on health system: a qualitative study from Beijing and Jinan in China.

Background: Breastmilk is widely regarded as the healthiest choice for both infants and mothers due to its numerous advantages over formula, such as higher concentrations of essential nutrients and antibodies, easier digestion, and superior taste. The World Health Organization International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes was adopted over 40 years ago to mitigate the effects of infant formula marketing on a woman's decision to breastfeed. Yet, the commercial formula milk industry has continued to market their products aggressively and through an increasing variety of social media channels.

The Return on Investment for the Prevention and Treatment of Childhood and Adolescent Overweight and Obesity in Beijing: A Modeling Study.

The increasing prevalence of child and adolescent overweight and obesity (CAOAO) in Beijing poses significant health and economic challenges. This study assesses the potential health and economic outcomes of implementing specific interventions to address CAOAO in Beijing. A deterministic Markov cohort model was used to estimate the impact of five interventions from 2025 to 2115: restrictions on unhealthy food marketing to children, mandatory front of package labeling (FOPL), family-based nutrition and exercise education, school-based nutritional health education, and nutritional counseling in primary healthcare.

The Prevalence of Anemia among Pregnant Women in China: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to ascertain the prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency (ID), and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) among Chinese pregnant women. A total of 722 articles on maternal anemia during pregnancy published between January 2010 and December 2020 were compiled, and a systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted on 57 eligible studies including 1,376,204 pregnant women to ascertain the prevalence of anemia and the prevalence in different subgroups. The results showed that the prevalence of anemia, ID, and IDA among pregnant women in China were 30.

The return on investment for the prevention and treatment of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in China: a modelling study.

Background: The rapid increase in child and adolescent overweight and obesity (OAO) in China has a significant health and economic impact. This study undertook an investment case analysis to evaluate the health and economic impacts of child and adolescent OAO in China and the potential health and economic returns from implementing specific policies and interventions.

Methods: The analysis estimates the reduction in mortality and morbidity from implementing a set of evidence-based interventions across China between 2025 and 2092 using a deterministic Markov cohort model.

Evaluating Childhood Overweight- and Obesity-Related Food Marketing Policies in China Using the Food-Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI).

Objective: Addressing the increasing global health issue of childhood obesity, exacerbated by pervasive food marketing, this study critically evaluated China's food marketing policies in comparison with international best practices, aiming to uncover policy content and implementation gaps and inform policy enhancement strategies.

Method: Three key indicators were utilized from the Healthy Food-Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI)'s food promotion domain. A panel of experts ( = 13) from academic institutions, China Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the food industry assessed the Chinese government's policy scores and implementation levels concerning food marketing.

The development of a method for the global health community to assess the proportion of food and beverage companies' sales that are derived from unhealthy foods.

Context: Corporate engagement with food and beverage companies who produce food associated with health harms is a divisive topic in the global nutrition community, with high-profile cases of conflict of interest increasingly coming under scrutiny. There is a need for an agreed method to support health organizations in deciding whether and how to engage with large food and beverage manufacturers.

Aim: The aim of this study was to develop a method to quantify the proportion of sales from food and beverage companies that are derived from unhealthy foods to support organizations in determining which companies might be considered high-risk for engagement.

How the marketing practices of commercial milk formula companies impact infant breastfeeding practices in China.

Background: The marketing practices used by commercial milk formula (CMF) companies undermine breast feeding. However, it remains unclear how specific types of marketing practices result in suboptimal breast feeding.

Objectives: We aimed to examine the associations of CMF marketing practices with breastfeeding outcomes, determine the influencing pathways, how it changes the perceptions and attitudes of mothers towards CMF, and how it impacts breastfeeding outcomes.

Maternal postnatal depressive symptoms and children's internalizing problems: The moderating role of mother-infant RSA synchrony.

Maternal depressive symptoms are a crucial risk factor for children's internalizing problems, though positive mother-child relationships may buffer this risk transmission. Mother-child physiological coregulation (e.g.

Breastfeeding Practices and Associated Factors in Shanghai: A Cross-Sectional Study.

The status of breastfeeding practices remains unsatisfactory across China, but regional differences persist. However, disaggregated data for specific provinces are limited. This representative survey determined the status of breastfeeding and factors associated with breastfeeding practices in Shanghai.

Breastfeeding duration and vagal regulation of infants and mothers.

Background: Vagal regulation within the parasympathetic nervous system supports self-regulation and social engagement. Research has suggested that early feeding practices may influence mother-infant vagal functioning.

Aim: We aimed to examine the association between breastfeeding duration and mother-infant vagal regulation during an interaction.

National childhood obesity-related intervention systems and intervention programs in China in 1949 to 2020: A narrative review.

Objective: This review examines main government and nongovernmental institutions for childhood obesity prevention and control in China, as well as major national interventions for childhood obesity.

Methods: PubMed, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, official websites of national governments and professional institutions/associations, Baidu.com, and Google.

[Study on infant and young children complementary feeding in poor rural regions in China].

Objective: To analyze complementary feeding status and issues among 6-23 month infants and young children(IYC) in poor rural regions in China to figure out actions further IYC nutrition in China.

Methods: Using 2018 monitoring data from Project of Children Nutrition Improvement in Poor Rural Regions, 6-23 months infants were sampled with the method of a combination of provincial stratification, multi-stage stratified cluster, PPS and random equidistant. Complementary feeding practices were collected by 24 hours diet recall method and and parental knowledge on IYC feeding was collected by KAP questionnaire.

[Effect of Yingyangbao intervention in 6 to 23 months infants in six counties from Shanxi, Hubei and Yunnan Provinces].

Objective: To evaluate the effect of Yingyangbao(YYB) intervention in 6-23 months infants in six poor counties from Shanxi, Hubei and Yunnan Provinces.

Methods: Probability proportionate to size sampling method was used to extract townships and villages, and random isometric sampling was used to select monitored infants. A baseline survey was completed in 2012.

Feasibility of using WeChat to improve infant and young child feeding in rural areas in China: A mixed quantitative and qualitative study.

Background: Appropriate infant and young child feeding practices are the basis for child nutrition. In China, WeChat is gradually changing the channels through which people receive information. The paper aims to explore the feasibility of using WeChat to improve infant and young child feeding in rural China.

Anemia and associated factors among adolescent girls and boys at 10-14 years in rural western China.

Background: Evidence on anemia and associated factors among young adolescent girls and boys in rural western China is limited.

Methods: We used data from a follow-up study of adolescents (10-14 years) born to women who participated in a randomized trial of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in western China. Anemia was defined by World Health Organization standards.

[Influence of altitude on hemoglobin levels and determination of the adjusting values].

Objective: To establish the relationship between hemoglobin level of 6-23 month infants and altitude of their living places, and to determine the adjusting hemoglobin values for infants in high altitude areas.

Methods: Conduct this study by using available data from Improvement of Nutrition in Children in Poor Rural Regions. 6-23 months infants were sampled with the method of combined multi-stage stratified cluster, PPS and random equidistant.

Early life cognitive development trajectories and intelligence quotient in middle childhood and early adolescence in rural western China.

The relationship of cognitive developmental trajectories during the dynamic first years with later life development outcomes remains unclear in low- and middle-income countries. 1388 Children born to women who participated in a randomized trial of antenatal micronutrient supplementation in rural China were prospectively followed. Cognitive development was assessed six times between 3 and 30 months of age using Bayley Scales of Infant Development, and then in mid-childhood (7-9 years) and early adolescence (10-12 years) using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children.

The effectiveness of using a WeChat account to improve exclusive breastfeeding in Huzhu County Qinghai Province, China: protocol for a randomized control trial.

Background: An exclusive breastfeeding rate in the first 6 months of life of at least 50% is one of the six World Health Organization global nutrition targets for 2025. However, the exclusive breastfeeding rate in China is quite low and decreasing which makes it urgent to explore effective ways to reverse the current downward trend. As mobile technologies have rapidly developed, mobile communication apps such as WeChat (one of the largest social networking platforms in China) are well accepted and have the potential to improve health behaviors in a convenient way.

Prevalence and causes of anaemia in children aged 6-23 months in rural Qinghai, China: findings from a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To investigate the current situation of anaemia among children aged 6-23 months in a rural county in China, and to explore the influencing factors and the main causes of anaemia.

Design: A cross-sectional study.

Setting: Huzhu County in Qinghai Province, China PARTICIPANTS: We selected 38 sampled villages using Proportional to Population Size sampling method.

Validity and reliability of a food frequency questionnaire for assessing dietary intake among Shanghai residents.

Background: Few localized food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) have been developed and used in Chinese nutrition surveys despite China's large population and diverse dietary habits.

Method: We analyzed data collected in two waves (six months apart) of the Shanghai Diet and Health Study in 2012-2013, from 1623 Shanghai residents (798 men and 825 women) older than 18 years. The results of 3-day 24-h dietary recalls (HDR) plus condiment weighing were used to evaluate the validity and reliability of the SDHS FFQ.

[Research on cost-benefit analysis of improved nutrition status by infants Ying Yang Bao intervention in poor rural regions].

Objective: To study on the cost-benefit from anemia reduction of 6-24 months infants in poor rural regions by Ying Yang Bao( YYB) intervention.

Methods: YYB was donated and distributed to 6-24 months infants in 8 counties in provinces of Sichuan, Gansu and Shaanxi. Total covered infants were 25 125 within them 1200 were sampled and measured hemoglobin levels and change of anemia prevalence in the baseline and after 1 year intervention.

Association of Antenatal Micronutrient Supplementation With Adolescent Intellectual Development in Rural Western China: 14-Year Follow-up From a Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The association of micronutrient supplementation during pregnancy with the intellectual development of adolescent offspring is unknown.

Objective: To assess the long-term association of antenatal micronutrient supplementation with adolescent intellectual development.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This 14-year follow-up study of a randomized clinical trial of micronutrient supplementation in pregnancy was conducted in 2 counties in rural western China in 2118 adolescent offspring (aged 10 to 14 years) of mothers who were randomized to take a daily capsule of either folic acid, folic acid plus iron, or multiple micronutrients from August 1, 2002, through February 28, 2006.

[Scheme of the "Nutrition Campus" pilot program].

The "Nutrition Campus "pilot program is based on findings from"Nutritional status and intervention strategy study for urban primary and secondary students". The "Campus nutrition education strategy study in urban primary and secondary students"in Shunyi, Beijing was launched in the first place as a leading part of the pilot program. A total of 12 primary and secondary schools from 8 pilot districts/counties of 8 provinces/cities are involved in the program to prevent and control child malnutrition in all kinds.