High-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy in the United States. Late diagnosis and the emergence of chemoresistance have prompted studies into how the tumor microenvironment, and more recently tumor innervation, may be leveraged for HGSC prevention and interception. In addition to stess-induced sources, concentrations of the sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) in the ovary increase during ovulation and after menopause.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) are approved for the treatment of BRCA-mutated breast cancer (BC), including triple-negative BC (TNBC) and ovarian cancer (OvCa). A key challenge is to identify the factors associated with PARPi resistance; although, previous studies suggest that platinum-based agents and PARPi share similar resistance mechanisms.
Methods: Olaparib-resistant (OlaR) cell lines were analyzed using HTG EdgeSeq miRNA Whole Transcriptomic Analysis (WTA).
Background: The incidence of patients diagnosed with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is increasing. There are no approved biofluid biomarkers for routine diagnosis of RCC patients. This retrospective study aims to identify cell-free microRNA (cfmiR) signatures in urine samples that can be utilized as biomarkers for early diagnosis of sporadic RCC patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPrevious studies from our lab demonstrated that the crosstalk between brain-metastasizing melanoma cells and microglia, the macrophage-like cells of the central nervous system, fuels progression to metastasis. In the present study, an in-depth investigation of melanoma-microglia interactions elucidated a pro-metastatic molecular mechanism that drives a vicious melanoma-brain-metastasis cycle. We employed RNA-Sequencing, HTG miRNA whole transcriptome assay, and reverse phase protein arrays (RPPA) to analyze the impact of melanoma-microglia interactions on sustainability and progression of four different human brain-metastasizing melanoma cell lines.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFT cell-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) exhibit anti-cancer effects. However, their anti-cancer potential should be reinforced to enhance clinical applicability. Herein, we generated interleukin-2-tethered sEVs (IL2-sEVs) from engineered Jurkat T cells expressing IL2 at the plasma membrane via a flexible linker to induce an autocrine effect.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cell-cell crosstalk by carrying bioactive molecules derived from cells. Recently, immune cell-derived EVs have been reported to regulate key biological functions such as tumor progression. CD4 T cells orchestrate overall immunity; however, the biological role of their EVs is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProstate cancer (PCa) is the most common cancer in men. Prostate-specific antigen screening is recommended for the detection of PCa. However, its specificity is limited.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFGiant congenital melanocytic nevi are NRAS-driven proliferations that may cover up to 80% of the body surface. Their most dangerous consequence is progression to melanoma. This risk often triggers preemptive extensive surgical excisions in childhood, producing severe lifelong challenges.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSoluble forms of receptors play distinctive roles in modulating signal-transduction pathways. Soluble CD74 (sCD74) has been identified in sera of inflammatory diseases and implicated in their pathophysiology; however, few relevant data are available in the context of cancer. Here we assessed the composition and production mechanisms, as well as the clinical significance and biological properties, of sCD74 in melanoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPleural fluid (PF) immune response in anergic tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE) patients is poorly understood. This study aimed to compare PF biochemical parameters and chemokine levels between anergic and non-anergic TPE patients. Chemokine arrays, cytokine measurements, and flow cytometry were performed in 58 patients (TPE [non-anergic (n = 32) and anergic (n = 10)] and malignant pleural effusion (MPE) [n = 16]).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdiponectin (Ad) is a representative adipocytokine that regulates energy homeostasis including glucose transport and lipid oxidation through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) pathways. Plasma levels of Ad are reduced in obesity, which contributes to type 2 diabetes. Therefore, agents that activate the Ad signaling pathway could ameliorate metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTuberc Respir Dis (Seoul)
January 2017
Background: Delayed hypersensitivity plays a large role in the pathogenesis of tuberculous pleural effusion (TPE). Macrophages infected with live (MTB) increase the levels of adenosine deaminase2 (ADA2) in the pleural fluid of TPE patients. However, it is as yet unclear whether ADA2 can be produced by macrophages when challenged with MTB antigens alone.
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