28-day repeated oral dose toxicity study of an aqueous extract of in sprague-dawley rat.

This study was performed to demonstrate a No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) for an aqueous extract of . According to other studies, using dried material or extract with ethanol or methanol determined a NOAEL dose of 1000 mg/kg or 5000 mg/kg in rats. Therefore, the groups were administered orally at doses of 0, 1000, 2000, and 3000 mg/kg for four weeks.

Ketoconazole induces apoptosis in rat cardiomyocytes through reactive oxygen species-mediated parkin overexpression.

Azole antifungals such as ketoconazole are generally known to induce a variety of heart function side effects, e.g., long-QT syndrome and ventricular arrhythmias.

DJ-1 protein regulates CD3+ T cell migration via overexpression of CXCR4 receptor.

Objective: DJ-1-a multifunctional protein responding to oxidative stress-is a possible regulator of the inflammatory response that plays an important role in atherosclerosis. Stromal cell-derived factor (SDF)-1 and its receptor, chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4), have been implicated in the recruitment of inflammatory cells during atherosclerosis. Here we investigated the hypothesis that DJ-1 protein might participate in CD3+ T cell functions in response to SDF-1 and contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.