Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal the mechanism of polysaccharide and secondary metabolite biosynthesis in Bletilla striata tubers in response to shading.

Polysaccharides and various secondary metabolites are the major bioactive ingredients in Bletilla striata tubers and their biosynthesis and accumulation are influenced by light intensity. However, the mechanisms underlying shading effects remain largely unknown. In the present study, we used a combined analysis of the physiology, metabolome, and transcriptome to investigate the physiological activities and bioactive component accumulation of B.

Using -NH and -OH rich organic cathodes to explore proton transport in aqueous zinc-ion batteries.

An organic cathode material for zinc-ion batteries shows a reliable proton transport mechanism. It uses a pyrazine ring as the energy storage unit and H as the shuttle ion, enabling high functionality utilization with rapid redox kinetics.

Fused Functional Organic Material with the Alternating Conjugation of Quinone-Pyrazine as Cathode for Aqueous Zinc Ion Batteries.

Organic cathode materials for aqueous rechargeable zinc batteries (ARZBs) are rapidly gaining prominence, while the exploration of compounds with affordable synthesis, satisfactory electrochemical performance, and understandable mechanisms still remains challenging. In this study, 6,8,15,17-tetraaza-heptacene-5,7,9,14,16,18-hexaone (TAHQ) as an easily synthesized organic cathode material with novel quinone/pyrazine alternately conjugated molecule structure is presented. This organic electrode exhibits good capacity with highly reversible redox reactions, and the influence of multi-active structures on the Zn/H loading behavior is systematically investigated by ex situ spectroscopy, electrochemical tests, and computation.

Engineering Low-Cost Organic Cathode for Aqueous Rechargeable Battery and Demonstrating the Proton Intercalation Mechanism for Pyrazine Energy Storage Unit.

Seeking organic cathode materials with low cost and long cycle life that can be employed for large-scale energy storage remains a significant challenge. This work has synthesized an organic compound, triphenazino[2,3-b](1,4,5,8,9,12-hexaazatriphenylene) (TPHATP), with as high as 87.16% yield.

Engineering monodispersed 2 nm SbS particles embedded in a porphyrin-based MOF-derived mesoporous carbon network an adsorption method to construct a high-performance sodium-ion battery anode.

Sodium ion batteries (SIBs) are expected to replace lithium ion batteries (LIBs) as the next generation of large-scale energy storage applications because of their superior cost performance. However, the larger ionic radius of Na causes a remarkable volume expansion than that of Li during charge and discharge, which reduces the performance of the battery. In this work, we engineered a composite material in that monodispersed 2 nm SbS particles are uniformly loaded into a carbon matrix (SbS/CZM), which is obtained by carbonization of a zirconium-based MOF with adsorption of Sb.

Heat-stress-induced sprouting and differential gene expression in growing potato tubers: Comparative transcriptomics with that induced by postharvest sprouting.

Crops face increased risk from heat stress due to climate change. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers grown in hot summers often have defects including pre-harvest sprouting ("heat sprouts").

Transcriptome analysis of heat stress response genes in potato leaves.

Heat stress has a severe impact on potato growth and tuberization process, always resulting in the decrease of tuber yield and quality. Therefore, it is of great significance for potato breeding to illuminate the mechanism of heat stress on potato and explore heat resistant genes. In this study, two cDNA libraries from normal potato leaves (20 °C day/18 °C night) and potato leaves with 3 days of heat treatment (35 °C day/28 °C night) were constructed respectively.

Organelle DNA contents and starch accumulation in potato tubers.

Starch contents were found to be positively correlated with organelle/nuclear DNA ratios, suggesting that these ratios are involved in starch accumulation and may serve as a target trait in genetic engineering and a biomarker in breeding for improving the dry matter and starch production in potato. Starch is the main dry matter component of various staple food crops, including potato. Starch synthesis and accumulation is in plastids, uses sugar, consumes cellular energy, and requires active expression of starch synthesis genes.

Genome of Paulownia (Paulownia fortunei) illuminates the related transcripts, miRNA and proteins for salt resistance.

Polyploidy in plants can bestow long-term evolutionary flexibility and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The upstream activation mechanisms of salt response remain unknown. Here we integrated transcriptome, miRNA and proteome data to describe the link between abscisic acid (ABA)-effectors and salt resistance against the background of Paulownia genome.

Drought stress-induced changes of microRNAs in diploid and autotetraploid .

Drought stress adversely affects plant productivity. Growth and timber production of Paulownia trees are limited under drought stress. Changes in gene expression patterns and miRNA in different ploidy of have been investigated.

Transcriptome and Degradome of microRNAs and Their Targets in Response to Drought Stress in the Plants of a Diploid and Its Autotetraploid Paulownia australis.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that play vital roles in plant growth, development, and stress response. Increasing numbers of studies aimed at discovering miRNAs and analyzing their functions in plants are being reported. In this study, we investigated the effect of drought stress on the expression of miRNAs and their targets in plants of a diploid and derived autotetraploid Paulownia australis.

Identification of microRNAs and their targets in Paulownia fortunei plants free from phytoplasma pathogen after methyl methane sulfonate treatment.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play major roles in plant responses to various biotic and abiotic stresses by regulating gene expression at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) disease caused by phytoplasmas reduces Paulownia production worldwide. In this study, we investigated the miRNA-mediated plant response to PaWB phytoplasma by Illumina sequencing and degradome analysis of Paulownia fortunei small RNAs (sRNAs).

Transcriptome, microRNA, and degradome analyses of the gene expression of Paulownia with phytoplamsa.

Background: Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) is a fatal disease of Paulownia caused by a phytoplasma. In previous studies, we found that plants with PaWB symptoms would revert to a healthy morphology after methyl methane sulfonate (MMS) treatment. To completely understand the gene expression profiles of the Paulownia-phytoplasma interaction, three high-throughput sequencing technologies were used to investigate changes of gene expression and microRNAs (miRNAs) in healthy Paulownia tomentosa plantlets, PaWB-infected plantlets, and PaWB-infected plantlets treated with 60 mg · L(-1) MMS.

Plant-Pathogen Interaction-Related MicroRNAs and Their Targets Provide Indicators of Phytoplasma Infection in Paulownia tomentosa × Paulownia fortunei.

Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) caused by a phytoplasma, has caused extensive losses in the yields of paulownia timber and resulted in significant economic losses. However, the molecular mechanisms in Paulownia that underlie the phytoplasma stress are poorly characterized. In this study, we use an Illumina platform to sequence four small RNA libraries and four degradome sequencing libraries derived from healthy, PaWB-infected, and PaWB-infected 15 mg·L-1 and 30 mg·L-1 methyl methane sulfonate (MMS)-treated plants.

Discovery of microRNAs and transcript targets related to witches' broom disease in Paulownia fortunei by high-throughput sequencing and degradome approach.

Paulownia witches' broom (PaWB) caused by the phytoplasma is a devastating disease of Paulownia trees. It has caused heavy yield losses to Paulownia production worldwide. However, knowledge of the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by microRNAs (miRNAs), especially miRNAs responsive to PaWB disease stress, is still rudimentary.

Identification and functional analysis of microRNAs and their targets in Platanus acerifolia under lead (Pb) stress.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play important regulatory roles in development and stress responses in plants. Lead (Pb) is a non-essential element that is highly toxic to living organisms. Platanus acerifolia is grown as a street tree in cities throughout temperate regions for its importance in improving the urban ecological environment.

Transcriptome analysis of the variations between autotetraploid Paulownia tomentosa and its diploid using high-throughput sequencing.

Timber properties of autotetraploid Paulownia tomentosa are heritable with whole genome duplication, but the molecular mechanisms for the predominant characteristics remain unclear. To illuminate the genetic basis, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to identify the related unigenes. 2677 unigenes were found to be significantly differentially expressed in autotetraploid P.

Plant-pathogen interaction, circadian rhythm, and hormone-related gene expression provide indicators of phytoplasma infection in Paulownia fortunei.

Phytoplasmas are mycoplasma-like pathogens of witches' broom disease, and are responsible for serious yield losses of Paulownia trees worldwide. The molecular mechanisms of disease development in Paulownia are of considerable interest, but still poorly understood. Here, we have applied transcriptome sequencing technology and a de novo assembly approach to analyze gene expression profiles in Paulownia fortunei infected by phytoplasmas.

Transcriptome-wide profiling and expression analysis of diploid and autotetraploid Paulownia tomentosa × Paulownia fortunei under drought stress.

Paulownia is a fast-growing deciduous hardwood species native to China, which has high ecological and economic value. In an earlier study, we reported ploidy-dependent differences in Paulownia drought tolerance by the microscopic observations of the leaves. Autotetraploid Paulownia has a higher resistance to drought stress than their diploid relatives.

Identification of genes related to the phenotypic variations of a synthesized Paulownia (Paulownia tomentosa×Paulownia fortunei) autotetraploid.

Paulownia is a fast-growing deciduous tree native to China. It has great economic importance for the pulp and paper industries, as well as ecological prominence in forest ecosystems. Paulownia is of much interest to plant breeder keen to explore new plant varieties by selecting on the basis of phenotype.

Transcriptome/Degradome-wide discovery of microRNAs and transcript targets in two Paulownia australis genotypes.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are involved in plant growth, development, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Most of the miRNAs that have been identified in model plants are well characterized, but till now, no reports have previously been published concerning miRNAs in Paulownia australis. In order to investigate miRNA-guided transcript target regulation in P.

Dynamic expression of novel and conserved microRNAs and their targets in diploid and tetraploid of Paulownia tomentosa.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play profound roles in plant growth and development by regulating gene expression. Tetraploid plants often have better physical characteristics and stress tolerance than their diploid progenitors, but the role of miRNAs in this superiority is unclear. Paulownia tomentosa, (Paulowniaceae) is attracting research attention in China because of its rapid development, wide distribution, and potential economic uses.

Discovery of genes related to witches broom disease in Paulownia tomentosa × Paulownia fortunei by a De Novo assembled transcriptome.

In spite of its economic importance, very little molecular genetics and genomic research has been targeted at the family Paulownia spp. The little genetic information on this plant is a big obstacle to studying the mechanisms of its ability to resist Paulownia Witches' Broom (PaWB) disease. Analysis of the Paulownia transcriptome and its expression profile data are essential to extending the genetic resources on this species, thus will greatly improves our studies on Paulownia.