[Indication and Technique of Ventriculo:Atrial Shunt for Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus].

The type of shunt surgery with the best outcome and lowest complication rate has not been established. Ventriculo-atrial(V-A)shunts have almost been abandoned as the first choice of surgery. However, the V-A shunt has many advantages; the operative site is narrower than in other types of shunt surgery, and intra-atrial pressure is lower than intra-abdominal pressure, which may guarantee constant cerebrospinal fluid flow and less malfunction.

Endoscopic Approach to Thalamic and Intraventricular Hemorrhage.

Objective: To highlight the basic points of brain endoscopic procedure for Thalamic and Intraventricular Hemorrhage to achieve repeatability and reproducibility in the results among the new brain endoscopic surgeons.

Method: Sharing the experience of 10 years as an endoscopic surgeon to bring out the basic insight into the method, challenges, points which need special attention during the surgery and discussion of recent advancements in the endoscopic equipment for safe surgery.

Conclusion: Procedure of endoscopic evacuation of brain hematoma is simple with learning curve.

Endoscopic Approach to Cerebellar and Large Putaminal Bleed.

Objective: To highlight the basic points of brain endoscopic procedure for Cerebellar and Large Putaminal Hemorrhage to achieve repeatability and reproducibility in the results among the new brain endoscopic surgeons.

Method: Sharing the experience of 10 years as an endoscopic surgeon to bring out the basic insight into the method, challenges, points which need special attention during the surgery and discussion of recent advancements in the endoscopic equipment for safe surgery.

Conclusion: Procedure of endoscopic evacuation of brain hematoma is simple with learning curve.

Endoscopic Approach to Subcortical (Lobar) Hemorrhage.

Objective: To highlight the basic points of brain endoscopic procedure for Subcortical (Lobar) Hemorrhage to achieve repeatability and reproducibility in the results among the new brain endoscopic surgeons.

Method: Sharing the experience of 10 years as an endoscopic surgeon to bring out the basic insight into the method, challenges, points which need special attention during the surgery and discussion of recent advancements in the endoscopic equipment for safe surgery.

Conclusion: Procedure of endoscopic evacuation of brain hematoma is simple with learning curve.

Endoscopic Approach to Putaminal Bleed.

Objective: To highlight the basic points of brain endoscopic procedure for Putaminal Bleed to achieve repeatability and reproducibility in the results among the new brain endoscopic surgeons.

Method: Sharing the experience of 10 years as an endoscopic surgeon to bring out the basic insight into the method, challenges, points which need special attention during the surgery and discussion of recent advancements in the endoscopic equipment for safe surgery.

Conclusion: Procedure of endoscopic evacuation of brain hematoma is simple with learning curve.

Adenosine-induced Flow Arrest to Facilitate Intracranial Complex Aneurysm Clip Ligation: Review of the Literature.

Complex intracranial aneurysms (CIAs) rank high among the most technically demanding neurosurgical pathologies. Microsurgery and clip ligation can be challenging in CIAs as circumferential visualization of the aneurysm, parent vessels, branches, perforators, and other neurovascular structures is important to prevent residual aneurysms or strokes from vessel or perforator occlusion. Decompression of the aneurysm sac is often required for CIAs.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Analysis and Correlation with Intraoperative Aneurysm Features.

Introduction: There are many controversies about computational fluid dynamics (CFD) findings and aneurysm initiation, growth, and ultimate rupture. The aim of our work was to analyze CFD data in a consecutive series of patients and to correlate them with intraoperative visual aneurysm findings.

Methods: Hemoscope software (Amin, Ziosoft Corporation, Minato ward, Tokyo, Japan) was used to process images from 17 patients who underwent clipping of 18 aneurysms.

Intraoperative Rupture Cerebral Aneurysm and Computational Flow Dynamics.

Intraoperative aneurysmal rupture (IAR) is the most fearsome complication of aneurysm surgery. IAR associates with high morbidity and mortality. In recent years, we have many studies regarding using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in aneurysm surgery.

Surgical treatment of large and giant cavernous carotid aneurysms.

Cavernous carotid aneurysms (CCAs) are uncommon pathologic entities. Extradural place and the skull base location make this type of an aneurysm different in clinical features and treatment techniques. Direct aneurysm clipping is technically difficult and results in a significant postoperative neurological deficit.

Dual-Image Videoangiography During Intracranial Microvascular Surgery.

Objective: Indocyanine green videoangiography (ICG-VA) is a valuable tool to assess vessel and aneurysm patency during neurovascular surgical procedures. However, ICG-VA highlights vascular structures, which appear white over a black background. Anatomic relationships are sometimes difficult to understand at first glance.

Comparison of computational fluid dynamics findings with intraoperative microscopy findings in unruptured intracranial aneurysms- An initial analysis.

Context: The increase in the detection of unruptured cerebral aneurysms has led to management dilemma. Prediction of risk based on the size of the aneurysm is not always accurate. There is no objective way of predicting rupture of aneurysm so far.

State-of-Art Surgical Treatment of Dissecting Anterior Circulation Intracranial Aneurysms.

Intracranial dissecting aneurysms (IDAs) are an important cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage, stroke, or compression of intracranial structures. Since the availability of endovascular treatment and the advantage of intraprocedural anticoagulation, an endovascular strategy has become the mainstay of their therapy. But in some cases selective aneurysm obliteration by the endovascular approach is impossible or associated with an unacceptable risk of morbidity.

Surgical treatment of unruptured dissecting intracranial aneurysms of vertebral-posterior inferior cerebellar artery region.

A lack of published surgical experience and higher symptomatic recurrence than previously recognized prompted the authors to present their experience with the surgical treatment of unruptured intracranial dissecting aneurysms (UIDAs). Hospital records, neuroimaging studies, operative reports, and follow-up records were retrospectively reviewed. All patients underwent surgical exploration of the lesion with proximal clipping of the parent artery through a far-lateral suboccipital craniotomy with or without partial condylar resection.

[Two cases of an intracranial large hemangiopericytoma associated with brain swelling in the early operative stage].

Intracranial hemangiopericytomas are hypervascular tumors. Consequently, resection of these tumors must occasionally be stopped owing to profuse bleeding. We report two cases of large intracranial hemangiopericytoma whose resection had to be stopped owing not to bleeding but to brain swelling.