The effect of virtual simulation technology applied to undergraduate teaching of periodontal probing.

Introduction: The rise of virtual simulation technology and dental simulators has created a new pedagogical approach for undergraduate medical education. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of virtual simulation (VS) technology on improving the students' comprehensive abilities in periodontal probing teaching in pre-practicum periodontology, such as increasing the accuracy of probing, tactile perception and performance on force control.

Materials And Methods: Twenty students were randomly selected among the fourth-year students and equally divided into VS technology teaching group (VS group) and traditional teaching group (TT group) by drawing half lots.

Study of SARS-CoV-2 transmission in urban environment by questionnaire and modeling for sustainable risk control.

Caused by SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 has become a severe threaten to society and human health, its epidemic control emerges as long-term issue. A sustainable epidemic and environmental transmission risk control (SEERC) in urban area is urgently needed. This work aims to conduct a new investigation on the transmission risk of SARS-COV-2 as virus/hazardous material through various environmental medias, routes and regions in the entirely urban area for guiding the SEERC.

Interleukin-25 regulates matrix metalloproteinase-2 and -9 expression in periodontal fibroblast cells through ERK and P38MAPK pathways.

Interleukin-25 (IL-25) has been recognized as a new member of the IL-17 family and implicated in various inflammatory pathology. We aimed to investigate the effects of IL-25 on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), MMP-8, and MMP-9 in periodontal fibroblast cells (PFCs), cell migration, cytoskeleton F-actin, and to explore the involved extracellular-regulated protein kinases (ERKs), P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (P38MAPK) signaling pathways, and IL-17 receptor. To evaluate the expression of MMP-2, MMP-8, MMP-9, and F-actin, PFCs were treated by various doses of IL-25 (0, 20, 50, 100, and 500 ng/ml).