Advantages of Long-Wavelength Photosensitizer -Tetra(3-pyridyl) Bacteriochlorin in the Therapy of Bulky Tumors.

This research presents a novel synthetic photosensitizer for the photodynamic therapy (PDT) of malignant tumors: meso-tetra(3-pyridyl) bacteriochlorin, which absorbs at 747 nm (in the long-wavelength region of the spectrum) and is stable when stored in the dark. HPyBC demonstrates pronounced photoinduced activity in vitro against tumor cells of various geneses (IC varies from 21 to 68 nM for HEp2, EJ, S37, CT26, and LLC cultured cells) and in vivo provides pronounced antitumor efficacy in the treatment of mice bearing small or large S37, Colo26, or LLC metastatic tumors, as well as in the treatment of rats bearing RS-1 liver cholangioma. As a result, total regression of primary tumor nodules and cure of 40 to 100% of the animals was proven by the experiment criteria, MRI, and histological analysis.

Development of a Dosage form for a Photoswitchable Local Anesthetic Ethercaine.

The toxicity of local anesthetics is a serious problem, given their widespread use. One of the main causes of the side effects of local anesthetics is their non-selectivity of action in the body. A possible way to increase the selectivity of the action of drugs is to use the photopharmacology approach.

Effectiveness of Photodynamic Therapy as Antiseptic Measure for Oral Cavity and Pharynx: A Systematic Review.

The complex traditional treatment of inflammation diseases in oral cavity includes the prescription of antibiotic and antiseptic therapy. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy as a part of management of inflammatory diseases in oral cavity; Methods: The study is presented in accordance with the preferred reporting points for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA). This systematic review was conducted using electronic databases such as Medline PubMed, Scopus and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials.

Advantages of combined photodynamic therapy in the treatment of oncological diseases.

When conducting combined therapy of malignant neoplasms, treatment methods with various mechanisms of antitumor effects are used, while an additive or even synergistic effect can be realized. Combination treatment regimens are aimed at increasing the efficiency and, above all, at the complete eradication of the tumor, which can be achieved either by suppressing the survival mechanisms in PDT-resistant tumor cells or by pre-attenuation of tumor cells so that they become more susceptible to subsequent PDT. Photodynamic therapy is an approved medical technology for the treatment of various malignant neoplasms, and several precancerous and non-cancer diseases.

A Novel Photoswitchable Azobenzene-Containing Local Anesthetic Ethercaine with Light-Controlled Biological Activity In Vivo.

Pain is a common symptom that impairs the quality of life for people around the world. Local anesthetics widely used for pain relief have a number of side effects, which makes the development of both new drugs and new ways to control their activity particularly important. Photopharmacology makes it possible to reduce the side effects of an anesthetic and control its biological activity in the body.

Tin Carboxylate Complexes of Natural Bacteriochlorin for Combined Photodynamic and Chemotherapy of Cancer è.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is currently one of the most promising methods of cancer treatment. However, this method has some limitations, including a small depth of penetration into biological tissues, the low selectivity of accumulation, and hypoxia of the tumor tissues. These disadvantages can be overcome by combining PDT with other methods of treatment, such as radiation therapy, neutron capture therapy, chemotherapy, etc.

The First Selenoanhydride in the Series of Chlorophyll a Derivatives, Its Stability and Photoinduced Cytotoxicity.

In this work, we obtained the first selenium-containing chlorin with a chalcogen atom in exlocycle E. It was shown that the spectral properties were preserved in the target compound and the stability increased at two different pH values, in comparison with the starting purpurin-18. The derivatives have sufficiently high fluorescence and singlet oxygen quantum yields.

Photodynamic Therapy of Melanoma B16 with Chlorin E6 Conjugated with a PSMA-Ligand.

The efficacy of a new photosensitizer of chlorin E6 conjugated with a prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in photodynamic therapy of murine melanoma B16 was studied in in vivo experiments. The dynamics of photosensitizer accumulation in the tumor and surrounding tissues was evaluated and antitumor efficacy of photodynamic therapy was assessed by parameters of regression and morphological characteristics of experimental transplanted melanoma B16. The inhibitory effect of photodynamic therapy on melanoma was evaluated by complete regression of the tumor, absolute tumor growth coefficient in animals with continuation of tumor growth, and the increase in life span in comparison with the control; the criterion of cure was the absence of signs of tumor recurrence in mice within 90 days after therapy.

Derivatives of Natural Chlorophylls as Agents for Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy.

The rapid growth of drug-resistant bacteria all over the world has given rise to a major research challenge, namely a search for alternative treatments to which bacteria will be unable to develop resistance. Photodynamic therapy is an approach of this kind. It involves the use of photosensitizers in combination with visible light at a certain wavelength to excite the former and generate reactive oxygen species.

High Precision Human Skin Temperature Fluctuations Measuring Instrument.

This paper describes the experimental results of testing a prototype of a high precision human skin rapid temperature fluctuations measuring instrument. Based on the author's work, an original circuit solution on a miniature semiconductor diode sensor has been designed. The proposed circuitry provides operation in the full voltage range with automatic setting and holding the operating point, as well as the necessary slope of the conversion coefficient (up to 2300 mV/°C), which makes it possible to register fast temperature oscillations from the surface of the human body and other biological objects.

Medical Science Liaisons in Real-World Evidence Studies: Experience of AstraZeneca Russia.

There is no doubt that real-world evidence studies have the potential to improve and accelerate the development and delivery of safe and cost-effective innovative medicines to patients as well as influence the way we approach health and health care. Real-world evidence studies are a great challenge in terms of development and conduct, so there should be a good collaboration between the study team and clinical sites at all times, resulting eventually in timely and efficient enrollment. Engaging the sites and key external experts as early as possible during feasibility and routine visits, as well as highlighting the science rationale behind AstraZeneca's portfolio at investigator meetings and during medical science liaison (MSL) interactions, can create a positive impact on physician perception of a particular study and prioritization of patient recruitment in such studies.

Consolidating Russia and Eurasia Antibiotic Resistance Data for 1992-2014 Using Search Engine.

Background: The World Health Organization recognizes the antibiotic resistance problem as a major health threat in the twenty first century. The paper describes an effort to fight it undertaken at the verge of two industries-healthcare and Data Science. One of the major difficulties in monitoring antibiotic resistance is low availability of comprehensive research data.

Protective effect and the therapeutic index of indralin in juvenile rhesus monkeys.

The radioprotective effect of indralin in rhesus monkeys was examined over 60 d following gamma irradiation. Male and female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) 2-3-years-old and weighing 2.1-3.

[Tissue equivalent for the closure of extended urethral defects].

The aim of the present work was to develop a method for culturing epidermal keratinocytes to be used in a tissue equivalent for the closure of extended urethral defects. The experiment was carried out using 15 rabbits. Skin biopsies were obtained from the inner surface of the ear.

Breast reconstruction following mastectomy for invasive breast cancer by free flaps from the abdomen is oncologically safe.

Aims: To report the long-term results of oncological safety of breast reconstruction by autologous tissue following mastectomy for invasive breast cancer.

Methods: One-hundred-fifty-six consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer treated with mastectomy and reconstruction by autologous tissue were reviewed throughout (from 1987 to 2003 with median follow up time of 66 months).

Results: Median patient age was 45.

[Fluorescently labeled differentiating myelopeptide-4: specific binding to and penetration into target cells].

Myelopeptide-4 (MP-4) (Phe-Arg-Pro-Arg-Ile-Met-Thr-Pro), inducing the terminal differentiation of HL-60 leukemia cells, was labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate. The specific binding of this modified peptide to the surface of HL-60 cells and its ability to penetrate into the cells were studied. It was shown by cytometry and confocal microscopy to be bound on the HL-60 cell surface, to penetrate into their cytoplasm, and finally to concentrate around the cell nucleus.

Psychophysiological training of operators in adaptive biofeedback cardiorhythm control.

A new individual computerized technique for psychophysiological training of operators before performing psychomotor activity on a computer model (psychomotor concentration and spatial orientation test) was developed. Qualitative criteria for the prediction of safe operator activity were formulated. Preliminary testing of operators' activity quality showed great dispersion of individual results: The amount of errors ranged from 0 to 56 and the rate of information processing varied from 1.

Induction of differentiation in leukemic cell strains with myelopeptide-4.

We studied the capacity of myelopeptide-4 (regulatory peptide of the bone marrow origin) to induce terminal differentiation of HL-60 and K-562 leukemic cells. Myelopeptide-4 increased the expression of CD14 and CD38 differentiation antigens on the surface of HL-60 cells and of CD44 antigen on K-562 cells, induced the appearance of mature monocyte/macrophages in HL-60 culture and hemoglobin-producing cells in K-562 cell culture, and stimulated phagocytic activity of THP-1 leukemic cells. Myelopeptide-4 is an endogenous factor of cell differentiation, a prospective agent for antileukemic therapy.

Endovascular exclusion of a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm after retrograde visceral artery revascularization.

Historically, open surgical repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms has been associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Furthermore, endovascular exclusion alone can restrict blood flow to visceral arteries. We report a case of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm that was repaired using a hybrid approach: surgery followed by an endovascular procedure.

[Biofeedback of human heart rate: adaptive module].

Ecological issues, that are not in line with the adaptive opportunities of man, prompt the designing of computer-based systems for psychophysiological support of traditional methods of prevention, diagnostics and rehabilitation. An adaptive module of biofeedback was developed for monitoring the human heart rate. The system can be applied in a variety of medical spheres, like evaluation of adaptive potentialities of different body systems, enhancing of the body's reserve and of its efficiency; mobilization of latent or lost abilities to adapt; training of skills of relaxation, self-regulation and self-control; correction of the condition of persons at different stages of occupational, ecological psychological and social stress; and preliminary psychophysiological preparation for responsible operator tasks.

[Individual typological characteristics of hormonal responses in dogs during psychoemotional stress].

Effects of psycho-emotional stress on contents of steroid hormones in the blood were studied in dogs with different typological properties of the higher nervous activity. Under stress condition, a significant correlation between the cortisol and testosterone levels and the dogs' typological characteristics was found. The more obvious fluctuations in the hormones level occurred in animals with strong and excitable type of the nervous system as compared with dogs belonging to weak and inert type.