[PRACTICAL AND FUNCTIONAL RESEARCH OF THE INTERACTION OF LEVELS OF PUBLIC AUTHORITY IN FEDERAL STATES IN THE CONTEXT OF THE NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION (COVID-19) PANDEMIC: ASSESSMENTS AND PROSPECTS].

Unlabelled: The objectives of this research are to explore foreign experience of interaction of various levels of public authority in federal states in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, to determine the prospects for the development and improvement of the activities of the public authority system in Russia in this part.

Materials And Methods: The regulatory legal acts and the practice of interaction of various levels of public authority during the COVID-19 pandemic in federations (Australia, India, Canada, USA) were research.

Results: It has been established that a dual federal system with strict rules for the distribution of powers and responsibilities between the federation and its regions impedes a coordinated national response in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, while various forms of executive federalism serve as the key to successfully countering this threat.

Conceptual principles and patterns of legal regulation of the processes of storage, access and data protection of genome sequencing in foreign countries as the basis for the modernization of Russian legislation.

The relevance of the study of the general principles and patterns of legal regulation of access storage processes and data protection of genome sequencing in foreign countries is determined by the need to develop a general concept of legal regulation of this type of activity in Russia. The purpose of this study is to develop the system-forming principles and patterns of access storage and data protection of genome sequencing in Russia. To achieve this goal, tasks were set and solved to identify and study the general principles and patterns of legal regulation of access storage processes and data protection of genome sequencing in foreign countries.

[Ethical boundaries of the legal regulation of genome sequencing in Russia and abroad.].

The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the need to resolve ethical problems that arise in the framework of legal regulation of genome-wide sequencing in Russia and foreign countries. The purpose of this research is to form ethical principles that should become a reference point for law - making in this area. In order to achieve this goal, we have solved the tasks of studying the normative legal acts of Russia and a number of foreign countries from an ethical point of view.

Mechanisms of Neuronal Death in the Cerebral Cortex during Aging and Development of Alzheimer's Disease-Like Pathology in Rats.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the commonest type of late-life dementia and damages the cerebral cortex, a vulnerable brain region implicated in memory, emotion, cognition, and decision-making behavior. AD is characterized by progressive neuronal loss, but the mechanisms of cell death at different stages of the disease remain unknown. Here, by means of OXYS rats as an appropriate model of the most common (sporadic) AD form, we studied the main pathways of cell death during development of AD-like pathology, including the preclinical stage.

[Storage, access and protection of full genome sequencing data in Russia and foreign countries: practical aspect.].

The relevance of the chosen topic is due to the need to resolve legal problems in the field of observance of human and civil rights and freedoms when storing, accessing and protecting full genome sequencing data. The purpose of this study is the formation of conceptual criteria on the basis of which a new model of regulatory regulation of this sphere of public relations will be built. To achieve this goal, the tasks of studying the regulatory legal acts in force in Russia and a number of foreign countries were solved.

[The influence of local anthropogenic factors on soil emission of biogenic greenhouse gases in cryogenic ecosystems].

For the first time were the results of studies on influence of main kinds of local anthropogenic factors on soil emission of biogenic greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) in permafrost ecosystems of Arctic and North-Boreal zones of the Russian Federation, and also of the Spitsbergen Archipelag summarized. Different types of land use can, depending on their manner, lead to significant enhancing or suppression of soil CO2 emission. On average, anthropogenic factors (AFs), acting in concert, favor the enhancement of local CO2 soil emission, promoting, at the same time, an increase in its dispersion.

[Methodology of biological norm in occupational medicine].

Theoretical concept of biologic norm is a basic principle of medical practice. This concept constantly changes according to social conditions.

[Effects of peak levels and number of noise impulses on hearing among forge hammering workers].

The work was aimed (1) to compare actual and expected values of hearing loss in forge hammering workers, using risk evaluation patterns based on impulse noise measurements, and (2) to simulate harmful hearing changes caused by impulse noise. Study of exposure to noise and hearing loss covered forge hammering workers in 2 major blacksmith workshops of automobile enterprise, where equivalent levels of acoustic pressure (104 and 106 dB) were equal, but peak levels and impalse degrees reliably differed. Hearing thresholds for 2 selected groups of workers (97 and 235 subjects) were evaluated.

[Basic science to evaluate efficiency of means protecting from electromagnetic fields].

Theory of EMF's informational influence, besides the heat effect, on biologic objects is generally accepted nowadays. Also, EMF sources are widely used both for industrial and household purposes, and become an increasing hazard for public health. All that necessitates individual protective means including "VITA" device, the leading one, efficiency and safety of which are supported by research in some scientific institutions.

[Biologic effects and hygienic regulation of electromagnetic fields caused by mobile communication devices].

The authors present results of hygienic, physiologic and experimental studies and mathematic simulation of biologic effects. Experimental studies (by functional state of CNS and immune system, cytologic examination of rats' lens epithelium) on 450 and 900 MHz frequencies prove the intensity of 1,900 MW/cm2 to be hazardous for animals and supraliminal.

[Occupational risk during chemical exposure].

Methods for assessing the occupational risk were tested in chemically exposed workers at some enterprises by taking into account a priori and a posteriori components. The risk values were calculated by the indices of collective and individual health, which were used to develop conceptual models for the assessment and management of risks, whose efficiency may be evaluated. A package of measures has been worked out to reduce human health occupational risks.

[Physical factors and stress].

Physical factors of occupational environment and surroundings (noise, vibration, non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, microclimate, etc) frequently could be considered stressing hazards, as cause marked functional changes in cardiovascular and nervous systems, in hematologic, immune and cytochemical values. These changes demonstrate adaptation and compensation processes or disadaptation and subsequent asthenic, astheno-vegetative and hypothalamic syndromes.

[Physiological-occupational requirements with reference to clothes protecting workers from low temperature and methods for the evaluation of heat insulation].

The authors specified a method regulating clothes production in accordance with physiologic and hygienic requirements that result from particular utilization conditions (ambient temperature, motion speed, energy expenditure, duration of exposure to cold). The article represents criteria for allowable heat state of human, requirements to heat insulation of clothes set and items (hat, mittens, and shoes) for various climate areas, for allowable duration of exposure to cold.

Effects of peak levels and number of impulses to hearing among forge hammering workers.

The purpose of the study was to (1) compare measured and estimated hearing loss among forge hammering workers by applying models for risk assessment based on measurements of impulse noise, and (2) model the hazardous effects of impulse noise on hearing. Noise exposure and hearing loss among forge hammering workers were studied at two forge workshops of an automobile company, where the equivalent sound pressure levels (104 and 105 dB) were the same, but the peak levels and degree of impulsiveness were significantly different. The hearing threshold levels of selected groups of workers (97 and 235 workers) were determined.

Integrated estimation of the effect of physical factors on human functional state during mental work.

The purpose of this study was to develop a model for an integrated estimation of the functional state of the human organism (FSHO) and an integral estimation of physical factors (PF) for hygienic rating. Tests were performed twice with 3 men in 0.7-clo clothing during 4-hr mental work with 9 combinations of 4 PF: wideband noise (55- 83 dB(A)), whole-body vibration (6 Hz, a(z) = 0.

[Prognosis of the thermal status of man in view of the impact of a variety of factors].

Mathematic and statistic analysis helped to determine classes of human functional state characterized by variable degree of thermoregulatory and cardiovascular strain. The authors represented technology forecasting a class of human functional state under influence of combined factors that change heat status and overcharge cardiovascular system and technology forecasting reliable time tolerance interval for the complex of factors influencing human.

[Physiological-occupational assessment of acoustic load with equal energy but different time and informational characteristics].

The article deals with results of experimental study comparing effects of 4 types of acoustic load--noise (constant and impulse) and music (electronic symphonic one and rap)--on hearing sensitivity, processes in nervous system and subjective evaluation. All types of acoustic load were equal in energy (on evaluation according to equivalent level during the experiment). The study included 2 levels of load--90 and 95 dB.

[Regulation of physical factors. Results and prospects].

The article represents results of research justifying and designing new principles concerning regulation of technogenic and natural physical factors. Those principles are based on studies of relationships between the physical factors and changes in human functional state, health and occupational risk. The authors demonstrate new methodic approaches for complex prognostic evaluation of environmental physical factors and main prospective trends in regulation and evaluation of physical factors, in prevention of their harm.

[Current objectives for the improvement of work conditions and prevention of occupational diseases among miners].

Workers engaged into deep mining are subjected to occupational factors intensity of which is significantly higher than the allowable. Changing the mining enterprises involves deterioration of the working environment, increase in occupational morbidity. Features of the working environment, parameters of main occupational entities, recent social instability at mining enterprises necessitate further investigations on the problem.

[Infrasound: body's effects and hygienic regulation].

The paper analyzes and sums up technically originated infrasound (IS) hygienic problems. Trends for an increase in its role as an unfavourable factor of the industrial, transport, and residential environments are established. Comprehensive physiological, hygienic, and experimental studies revealed the pathogenetic features of IS.

[New methodological approaches to the study and assessment of health status in occupational medicine].

The authors present materials on work conditions and workers' health state, that necessitate urgent measures to increase living standards, to meet sanitary and hygienic demands, to preserve health through alternative methods (time-related defence, early rehabilitation), to set strict economic penalties for employers' higher concern for better work conditions. The topics discussed include consideration of complex hazards (effects of chemicals coming from various media, influence of occupational and household physical factors) in setting an Allowable Daily Dose. Regional peculiarities should be taken into account in hygienic standardization.