Publications by authors named "Suvi Virtanen"
The contribution of environmental factors to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes is considered substantial, but their identification has turned out to be challenging. Large prospective studies are crucial for reliable identification of environmental risk and protective factors. However, only few large prospective birth cohort studies have been carried out.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The infant gut microbiome undergoes rapid changes in the first year of life, supporting normal development and long-term health. Although diet shapes this process, the role of fibers in complementary foods on gut microbiome maturation is poorly understood.
Objectives: We explored how the transition from human milk to fibers in complementary foods shapes the taxonomic and functional maturation of the gut microbiome within the first year of life.
Reply to Wei-Zhen Tang, MD; Wei-Ze Xu, MD; and Tai-Hang Liu, PhD.
Pediatr Allergy Immunol
November 2024
The goal of the TEDDY (The Environmental Determinants of Diabetes in the Young) study is to elucidate factors leading to the initiation of islet autoimmunity (first primary outcome) and those related to progression to type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM; second primary outcome). This Review outlines the key findings so far, particularly related to the first primary outcome. The background, history and organization of the study are discussed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFImportance: A meta-analysis published in 2001 suggested that exposure to infections measured by day care attendance may be important in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. Several new studies on the topic have since been published.
Objective: To investigate the association between day care attendance and risk of type 1 diabetes and to include all available literature up to March 10, 2024.
Article Synopsis
- - This study examined how various factors, including diet and other influences like genetics and medical history, affect the levels of vitamins A, C, D, and E in children aged 6 months to 4 years, using data from nearly 1,500 participants.
- - Researchers found that most vitamins studied were associated with nutrient intake, but childhood infections had a negative impact on the levels of certain vitamins, particularly β-carotene and retinol.
- - The results indicate that factors outside of diet, such as infections and genetic traits, significantly influence how the body processes and utilizes these essential vitamins.
Background: Prospective longitudinal evidence considering the entire childhood food consumption in relation to the development of islet autoimmunity (IA or) type 1 diabetes is lacking.
Objectives: We studied the associations of consumption of various foods and their combinations with IA and type 1 diabetes risk.
Methods: Children with genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes born in 1996-2004 were followed from birth up to ≤6 y of age in the prospective birth cohort type 1 diabetes prediction and prevention study (n = 5674).
Background: Association of early pregnancy body mass index (BMI) and maternal gestational weight gain (GWG), and asthma and allergic disease in children is unclear.
Methods: We analyzed data from 3176 mother-child pairs in a prospective birth cohort study. Maternal anthropometric measurements in the first and last antenatal clinic visits were obtained through post-delivery questionnaires to calculate early pregnancy BMI and maternal GWG.
Objective: To study whether prenatal and postnatal exposure to antibiotics is associated with the risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood.
Study Design: This case cohort study included 2869 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes by the end of 2009 who were born between January 1, 1996, and December 31, 2008, in Finland and a reference cohort (n = 74 263) representing 10% of each birth cohort. Exposure to antibiotics was assessed in different time periods.
Article Synopsis
- This study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of low-dose rituximab compared to standard therapies for treating multiple sclerosis (MS) in a Swedish cohort.
- Over 4,900 participants were analyzed, revealing that rituximab had similar rates of disability progression and MS Impact Scale improvements compared to approved treatments.
- Although rituximab showed lower relapse rates and better treatment adherence, it was linked to a higher risk of infections, particularly when switched from other therapies.
Background: The Trial to Reduce IDDM in the Genetically at Risk (TRIGR) (NCT00179777) found no difference type 1 diabetes risk between hydrolyzed and regular infant formula. However, cow milk consumption during childhood is consistently linked to type 1 diabetes risk in prospective cohort studies.
Objectives: Our primary aim was to study whether humoral immune responses to cow milk and cow milk consumption are associated with type 1 diabetes in TRIGR children.
Article Synopsis
- The study aimed to examine the link between maternal gluten and cereal intake during pregnancy and lactation and the risk of type 1 diabetes in children, focusing on a group of 4943 genetically susceptible children from Finland.
- Results showed that maternal gluten intake during pregnancy had no significant association with the development of islet autoimmunity or type 1 diabetes in offspring, while higher barley consumption during lactation was linked to an increased risk of type 1 diabetes.
- The findings suggest that maternal intake of gluten, most cereals, or dietary fiber during pregnancy and lactation does not impact the child's risk for these conditions, except for barley during lactation.
and dietary factors make important contributions toward health and development in early childhood. In this respect, serum proteomics of maturing infants can provide insights into studies of childhood diseases, which together with perinatal proteomes could reveal further biological perspectives. Accordingly, to determine differences between feeding groups and changes in infancy, serum proteomics analyses of mother-infant dyads with HLA-conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes ( = 22), weaned to either an extensively hydrolyzed or regular cow's milk formula, were made.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Gut dysbiosis and increased intestinal permeability have been reported to precede type 1 diabetes-related autoimmunity. The role of gut inflammation in autoimmunity is not understood.
Objectives: This study aimed to assess whether gut inflammation markers are associated with risk of islet autoimmunity and whether diet is associated with gut inflammation markers.
Article Synopsis
- B-cell depletion, particularly with rituximab, is effective for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) but is linked to a higher risk of infections compared to other disease-modifying therapies (DMTs).
- A study analyzed data from the Swedish MS registry over nearly a decade, involving thousands of RRMS patients, to understand how previous treatments and duration affect infection risk.
- Results showed that patients on rituximab had significantly higher rates of both inpatient and outpatient infections, emphasizing the need for safety strategies even for those with a shorter disease history or no previous treatment.
Background: Substance use disorders are highly prevalent in people within the criminal justice system. Psychological programs are the most common type of treatment available and have been shown to decrease recidivism, but dropping out of treatment is common. Risk factors associated with treatment dropout remain unclear in this setting, and whether the risk factors differ by treatment form (group-based vs.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntroduction: Drug courts are criminal justice programs to divert people with substance use disorders from incarceration into treatment. Drug courts have become increasingly popular in the US and other countries. However, their effectiveness in reducing important public health outcomes such as recidivism and substance-related health harms remains ambiguous and contested.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAims: We estimated the prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) in the Norwegian, Danish and Swedish prison populations and compared the prevalence of SUDs in the national prison populations with country-specific general population prevalence rates.
Design: A multi-national cohort study using data from the National Prison Registries linked to the National Patient Registries in Norway, Denmark and Sweden.
Setting And Participants: We used data from the PriSUD-Nordic study, including national prison populations aged 19 years and older in Norway (2010-19), Denmark (2010-18) and Sweden (2010-13).
Background: Digitalization with minimal human resources could support self-management among women with gestational diabetes and improve maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate if a periodic mobile application (eMOM) with wearable sensors improves maternal and neonatal outcomes among women with diet-controlled gestational diabetes without additional guidance from healthcare personnel.
Study Design: Women with gestational diabetes were randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio at 24 to 28 weeks' gestation to the intervention or the control arm.
Purpose: The aim was to study the association between dietary intake of B vitamins in childhood and the risk of islet autoimmunity (IA) and progression to type 1 diabetes (T1D) by the age of 10 years.
Methods: We followed 8500 T1D-susceptible children born in the U.S.
Introduction: Most forensic psychiatric patients have chronic psychiatric disorders that require long-term pharmacological treatment even after discharge from care. However, the prevalence and correlates of post-discharge medication discontinuation in this patient group remain unclear.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and correlates of post-discharge discontinuation of pharmacological treatment in forensic psychiatric patients in Sweden.
Background: Mental health disorders are common among people in prison, but their prevalence in the Scandinavian prison population remain unclear. In this multinational register study, we examined the prevalence of mental health disorders and the comorbidity of substance use disorders (SUDs) with other mental health disorders in this population. Further, we investigated how the prevalence of mental disorders at prison entry had changed in Norway, Denmark, and Sweden over the study period.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Outliers can influence regression model parameters and change the direction of the estimated effect, over-estimating or under-estimating the strength of the association between a response variable and an exposure of interest. Identifying visit-level outliers from longitudinal data with continuous time-dependent covariates is important when the distribution of such variable is highly skewed.
Objectives: The primary objective was to identify potential outliers at follow-up visits using interquartile range (IQR) statistic and assess their influence on estimated Cox regression parameters.