Dietary climate impact correlates ambiguously with health biomarkers- a randomised controlled trial in healthy Finnish adults.

Purpose: A transition to more plant-rich diets is an effective way to reduce the climate impact of a diet. Using a whole-diet approach, we studied how partial replacement of animal-sourced with plant-sourced proteins affected the dietary climate impact while simultaneously considering diet-related health biomarkers.

Methods: In a 12-week randomised controlled trial, 107 women and 29 men were assigned into three diet groups (ANIMAL, 50/50, PLANT) with animal-to-plant-protein ratios of 70/30, 50/50, and 30/70, respectively.

True Ileal Amino Acid Digestibility and Protein Quality of N-Labeled Faba Bean in Healthy Humans.

Background: The recommended transition toward more plant-based diets, particularly containing legumes, requires a wider knowledge of plant protein bioavailability. Faba beans are cultivated at different latitudes and are used increasingly in human nutrition.

Objectives: We aimed to assess the nutritional quality of faba bean protein in healthy volunteers equipped with an intestinal tube to implement the ileal N balance method.

Phosphorus - a scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023.

This scoping review aims to describe the totality of evidence for the role of phosphorus for health-related outcomes as a basis for setting and updating dietary reference values (DRVs). Phosphorus is needed in many biological processes, such as cellular metabolism and bone mineralization. Dietary phosphorus intake exceeds the previous Nordic Nutrition Recommendations (NNR2012) 2-3-fold in the Nordic countries.

The impacts of partial replacement of red and processed meat with legumes or cereals on protein and amino acid intakes: a modelling study in the Finnish adult population.

Background: A shift towards more plant-based diets is considered healthy and environmentally sustainable but may cause a concern regarding protein and amino acid intakes. This modelling study aimed to assess the impacts of partial replacement of red and processed meat with legumes or cereals on the protein and indispensable amino acid intakes in the Finnish adult population.

Materials And Methods: We used the cross-sectional data of the National FinDiet 2017 Survey (two non-consecutive 24-h recalls,  = 1655, 47% men, aged 18-74 years).

Effects of partial replacement of red and processed meat with non-soya legumes on bone and mineral metabolism and amino acid intakes in BeanMan randomised clinical trial.

The transition towards more plant-based diets may pose risks for bone health such as low vitamin D and Ca intakes. Findings for the contribution of animal and plant proteins and their amino acids (AA) to bone health are contradictory. This 6-week clinical trial aimed to investigate whether partial replacement of red and processed meat (RPM) with non-soya legumes affects AA intakes and bone turnover and mineral metabolism in 102 healthy 20-65-year-old men.

Partial replacement of red and processed meat with legumes: a modelling study of the impact on nutrient intakes and nutrient adequacy on the population level.

Objective: The shift towards plant-based diets with less meat and more legumes is a global target and requires an understanding of the consequences of dietary adequacy on the population level. Our aim was to model the impact of partial replacement of red and processed meat with legumes on nutrient intakes and population shares below dietary reference intakes.

Design: Modelling study with three scenarios anchored in meat cut-offs: ≤ 70 g/d (Finnish dietary guideline); ≤ 50 g/d (Danish dietary guideline); ≤ 30 g/d (EAT-Lancet recommendation).

Safety of Vitamin D Food Fortification and Supplementation: Evidence from Randomized Controlled Trials and Observational Studies.

The safety considerations of food-based solutions for vitamin D deficiency prevention, such as fortification and supplementation, are critical. On the basis of collective data from 20 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and 20 national healthy surveys, as well as prospective cohort studies (PCSs) across the project ("Food-based solutions for optimal vitamin D nutrition and health through the life cycle", FP7-613977), we analyzed the potential safety issues arising from vitamin D intakes and/or supplementation. These adverse consequences included high serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D) concentrations (>125 nmol/L), high serum calcium concentrations, and vitamin D intakes in excess of the tolerable upper intake levels (ULs).

Replacing dietary animal-source proteins with plant-source proteins changes dietary intake and status of vitamins and minerals in healthy adults: a 12-week randomized controlled trial.

Purpose: A shift towards more plant-based diets promotes both health and sustainability. However, controlled trials addressing the nutritional effects of replacing animal proteins with plant proteins are lacking. We examined the effects of partly replacing animal proteins with plant proteins on critical vitamin and mineral intake and statuses in healthy adults using a whole-diet approach.

Do we eat what we buy? Relative validity of grocery purchase data as an indicator of food consumption in the LoCard study.

The validity of grocery purchase data as an indicator of food consumption is uncertain. This paper investigated (1) the associations between food consumption and grocery purchases using automatically accumulated purchase data and (2) whether the strength of the associations differed in certain sub-populations. The participants filled in a FFQ, and a major Finnish retailer issued us with their loyalty-card holders' grocery purchase data covering the 1- and 12-month periods preceding the FFQ.

Phosphorus-Containing Food Additives in the Food Supply-An Audit of Products on Supermarket Shelves.

Objectives: Phosphorus (P)-containing food additives pose a risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. We aimed to investigate the prevalence of P-containing additives in the Finnish food supply across different food categories to evaluate their burden in CKD, reflecting the situation in Europe.

Methods: The dataset of 6,176 products was obtained in June-August 2019 from the foodie.

Partial Replacement of Animal Proteins with Plant Proteins for 12 Weeks Accelerates Bone Turnover Among Healthy Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Plant-based diets may reduce the risk of chronic diseases, but can also lead to low calcium and vitamin D intakes, posing a risk for bone health.

Objectives: We investigated whether partial replacement of animal proteins with plant-based proteins using a whole-diet approach affects bone and mineral metabolism in healthy adults in 3 groups fed diets differing in protein composition.

Methods: This 12-week clinical trial was comprised of 107 women and 29 men (20-69 years old; BMI mean ± SD, 24.

Replacing Animal-Based Proteins with Plant-Based Proteins Changes the Composition of a Whole Nordic Diet-A Randomised Clinical Trial in Healthy Finnish Adults.

Increased consumption of plant-based foods and decreased consumption of animal-based foods is recommended for healthy diets and sustainable food production. We investigated the effects of partial replacement of dietary animal proteins with plant-based ones on intake of energy-yielding nutrients, fibre, and plasma lipoproteins. This 12-week randomised clinical intervention comprised 107 women and 29 men (20-69 years) in three diet groups with different dietary protein compositions ("ANIMAL": Animal 70%/plant 30%; "50/50": Animal 50%/plant 50%; "PLANT": Animal 30%/plant 70%; all: Protein intake 17 E%).

Prevalence and determinants of vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency among three immigrant groups in Finland: evidence from a population-based study using standardised 25-hydroxyvitamin D data.

Objective: We investigated the determinants of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [S-25(OH)D] and dietary vitamin D sources among three immigrant groups in Finland and compared their S-25(OH)D to the general Finnish population.

Design: Cross-sectional population-based Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study and the nationally representative Finnish Health 2011 Survey. S-25(OH)D was standardised according to the Vitamin D Standardisation Program.

Vitamin D status and current policies to achieve adequate vitamin D intake in the Nordic countries.

Nordic countries share fairly similar food culture and geographical location as well as common nutrition recommendations. The aim of this paper was to review the latest data on vitamin D status and intake and to describe the national supplementation and food fortification policies to achieve adequate vitamin D intake in the Nordic countries. The data are based on results derived from a literature search presented in a workshop held in Helsinki in November 2018 and completed by recent studies.

Poor bioavailability of vitamin D from ultraviolet-irradiated D-rich yeast in rats.

Ultraviolet-irradiated yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) can be used to biofortify bakery products with vitamin D, but in bread, it was not effective in increasing serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in humans, possibly because of the low digestibility of the yeast matrix. We investigated the effects of vitamin D-rich intact yeast cells and their separated fraction, yeast cell walls, which we hypothesized to provide vitamin D in a more bioavailable form, on serum 25(OH)D and its metabolites in growing female Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 54) compared to vitamin D and D supplements (8 treatment groups: 300 or 600 IU vitamin D/d, and a control group, 8-week intervention). The D supplement groups had the highest 25(OH)D concentrations, and the vitamin D supplement at the 600-IU dose increased 25(OH)D better than any yeast form (P < .

Vitamin D Fortification of Fluid Milk Products and Their Contribution to Vitamin D Intake and Vitamin D Status in Observational Studies-A Review.

Fluid milk products are systematically, either mandatorily or voluntarily, fortified with vitamin D in some countries but their overall contribution to vitamin D intake and status worldwide is not fully understood. We searched the PubMed database to evaluate the contribution of vitamin D-fortified fluid milk products (regular milk and fermented products) to vitamin D intake and serum or plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) status in observational studies during 1993⁻2017. Twenty studies provided data on 25(OH)D status ( = 19,744), and 22 provided data on vitamin D intake ( = 99,023).

Rationale and Plan for Vitamin D Food Fortification: A Review and Guidance Paper.

Vitamin D deficiency can lead to musculoskeletal diseases such as rickets and osteomalacia, but vitamin D supplementation may also prevent extraskeletal diseases such as respiratory tract infections, asthma exacerbations, pregnancy complications and premature deaths. Vitamin D has a unique metabolism as it is mainly obtained through synthesis in the skin under the influence of sunlight (i.e.

Differences in the dietary requirement for vitamin D among Caucasian and East African women at Northern latitude.

Context: Current vitamin D recommendations have been established based on an assumption that there are no differences between Caucasian and other ethnic/racial groups in terms of vitamin D requirements. This assumption, largely made due to the absence of data, is a key knowledge gap identified by a number of authorities.

Objective: To test whether the distribution of dietary requirements for maintaining winter serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations ≥ 30 nmol/L (a priority threshold linked to vitamin D deficiency prevention) differ between Caucasian and Somali women living at northerly latitude.

Vitamin D intake, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D status and response to moderate vitamin D3 supplementation: a randomised controlled trial in East African and Finnish women.

Insufficient vitamin D status (serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (S-25(OH)D)0·05 for differences between ethnic groups). In conclusion, high prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency existed among East African women living in Finland, despite higher vitamin D intake than their Finnish peers. Moderate vitamin D3 supplementation was effective in increasing S-25(OH)D in both groups of women, and no ethnic differences existed in the response to supplementation.

Low free 25-hydroxyvitamin D and high vitamin D binding protein and parathyroid hormone in obese Caucasians. A complex association with bone?

Background: Studies have shown altered vitamin D metabolism in obesity. We assessed differences between obese and normal-weight subjects in total, free, and bioavailable 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D, 25(OH)DFree, and 25(OH)DBio, respectively), vitamin D binding protein (DBP), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone traits.

Methods: 595 37-47-year-old healthy Finnish men and women stratified by BMI were examined in this cross-sectional study.

Letter to the Editor Re: McClure et al. Nutrients 2017, 9, 95.

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The positive impact of general vitamin D food fortification policy on vitamin D status in a representative adult Finnish population: evidence from an 11-y follow-up based on standardized 25-hydroxyvitamin D data.

A systematic vitamin D fortification of fluid milk products and fat spreads was started in 2003 in Finland to improve vitamin D status. We investigated the effects of the vitamin D fortification policy on vitamin D status in Finland between 2000 and 2011. Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [S-25(OH)D] concentrations of a nationally representative sample comprising 6134 and 4051 adults aged ≥30 y from the Health 2000 and Health 2011 surveys, respectively, were standardized according to the Vitamin D Standardization Program with the use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Consumption of healthy foods and associated socio-demographic factors among Russian, Somali and Kurdish immigrants in Finland.

Aims: We evaluated the consumption of healthy foods among Russian, Somali and Kurdish immigrants in Finland, and examined the relationship between socio-demographic factors and food consumption.

Methods: We used data from the Migrant Health and Wellbeing Study (Maamu), a population-based health interview and examination survey in six different municipalities in Finland between 2010 and 2012. Altogether, 635 men and 737 women, aged 18-64 years, of Russian ( n = 527), Somali ( n = 337) and Kurdish ( n = 508) origin were included.