Proteomic profiling of dog urine after European adder (Vipera berus berus) envenomation by two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis.

Between April and September every year, many dogs in Finland are bitten by Vipera berus berus, also known as the European adder, the only venomous snake in the area. Exposure to snake bite venom causes local and systemic symptoms and in severe cases can lead to death. Urine samples were collected from four dogs bitten by V.