Perinatal outcome of children born to mothers with thyroid dysfunction or antibodies: a prospective population-based cohort study.

Context: There are only a few large prospective studies involving evaluation of the effect of maternal thyroid dysfunction on offspring and observations are inconsistent.

Objective: The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of thyroid dysfunction or antibody positivity on perinatal outcome.

Setting And Participants: The study included prospective population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1986 including 9247 singleton pregnancies.

Citalopram and fluoxetine in the treatment of postmenopausal symptoms: a prospective, randomized, 9-month, placebo-controlled, double-blind study.

Objective: Nonhormonal treatment of postmenopausal symptoms is a subject of great interest today. The results of studies on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are promising, but long-term results do not exist. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of citalopram and fluoxetine in the treatment of physical and psychological menopausal symptoms and their effects on psychosocial and sexual well being in symptomatic postmenopausal women.

Hyperprolactinemia complicating juvenile granulosa cell tumor of the ovary.

Background: Granulosa cell tumors are known to be hormonally active. They usually produce estrogen and inhibin, and the serum inhibin level is often considered a useful tumor marker during the follow-up of this illness.

Case: We present a case of malignant juvenile granulosa cell tumor associated with hyperprolactinemia.

The levonorgestrel intrauterine system in menopausal hormone replacement therapy: five-year experience.

Objective: To study the long-term effects (5 years) of intrauterine levonorgestrel administration as the progestin part of continuous combined postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy.

Design: Prospective clinical study.

Setting: Department of obstetrics and gynecology at a central hospital.

Lipid effects of an intrauterine levonorgestrel device or oral vs. vaginal natural progesterone in post-menopausal women treated with percutaneous estradiol.

Background: The ideal progestin for combined hormone replacement therapy should be free of adverse effects on lipid metabolism. We therefore examined lipid profiles during continuous hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with an estradiol-gel combined with either a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) or oral/vaginal natural progesterone.

Methods: Sixty menopausal women recruited in this open, non-randomised parallel three-group study received percutaneous gel containing 1.

Endometrial morphology during hormone replacement therapy with estradiol gel combined to levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device or natural progesterone.

Objectives: To evaluate endometrial responses to three different forms of amenorrhea-inducing HRT in postmenopausal women.

Material And Methods: Fifty-one postmenopausal women completing a one-year HRT trial with percutaneous estradiol gel containing 1.5 mg estradiol daily combined with a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) (n=18), or natural progesterone 100 mg daily orally (n= 19) or vaginally (n=15) during 1-25 calendar days of each month.

Comparison of three serum assays for bone collagen formation during postmenopausal estrogen-progestin therapy.

Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) lowers the turnover rate of the mineralized bone matrix, the predominant organic component of which is type I collagen. The effect of estrogen on bone metabolism has been monitored by measuring the circulating concentration of the carboxy-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), which decreases during HRT. We have recently developed assays for the intact amino-terminal propeptide (PINP) of type I procollagen, a protein set free from the other end of the same gene product.

The effect of postmenopause and postmenopausal HRT on measured voice values and vocal symptoms.

Objectives: To study the effect of postmenopause and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the measured fundamental frequency (F0) and sound pressure level (SPL) of sustained phonation and speaking voice samples and on subjective vocal/laryngeal symptoms.

Methods: Forty-three postmenopausal women (mean age 51.6) were divided into three groups: a group with no HRT, an estrogen group (daily oral dose of 2 mg of estradiol valerate), and an estrogen-progestin group (daily oral dose of 2 mg of 17-B-estradiol and 1 mg of northisterone acetate).

Systemic therapy with estrogen or estrogen with progestin has no effect on skin collagen in postmenopausal women.

Objectives: To investigate the effect of estrogen alone or combined with progestin on the amount and synthesis of skin collagen in postmenopausal women.

Methods: Forty-three early postmenopausal women were enrolled into this open, non-randomized parallel-groups study. Fifteen women received a continuous oral dose of 2 mg of 17 beta-estradiol and 1 mg of norethisterone acetate daily and 14 women an oral dose of 2 mg estradiol valerate daily.

Percutaneous estradiol gel with an intrauterine levonorgestrel releasing device or natural progesterone in hormone replacement therapy.

Objective: To evaluate the bleeding patterns and clinical compliance associated with postmenopausal amenorrhea-inducing forms of hormone replacement therapy using either percutaneous estradiol-gel and a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device or an oral/vaginal natural progesterone.

Methods: Sixty postmenopausal women with an intact uterus were followed over 12 months in this open, non-randomised, parallel group study. All patients continuously received a gel containing 1.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1: a biochemical marker of endometrial response to progestin during hormone replacement therapy.

Objectives: To compare immunohistochemical localization of insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) in endometrial stromal cells with endometrial morphology during three regimens of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy.

Methods: Endometrial samples for morphological examination and immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody against IGFBP-1 were obtained from 30 menopausal women before treatment and after 12 and 24 months of continuous combined hormone replacement therapy. All women received percutaneous estradiolgel releasing 1.