Assessing Hepatitis B virus infection, risk factors and immunization among particularly vulnerable tribal groups in Eastern India.

In a population-based survey, Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection status, associated risk factors and vaccine coverage among the 4006 Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTG) participants of Odisha Tribal Family Health Survey (OTFHS) were assessed using various viral markers. All the HBsAg-positive sera were screened for viral load estimation, envelopment antigen (HBeAg) identification and liver profile parameters. The overall prevalence of HBsAg was 5.

Azygous Vein Thrombosis Associated with Ludwig's Angina: an Extremely Rare and Life-Threatening Complication.

Ludwig's angina and azygous vein thrombosis are both serious pathologies with life-threatening sequalae. The incidence of the latter as a complication of Ludwig's angina can further worsen the patient's prognosis. We are reporting such a case, which was managed surgically, followed by administration of thrombolytics.

Burnout and professional fulfillment: Associations with interprofessional communication skills and climate among clinical health professionals.

Objective: Effective communication in interprofessional settings is a key modifiable factor in addressing burnout among healthcare professionals. Previous research has paid less attention to the multi-level nature of interprofessional communication. This paper proposes a model explaining how individual-level factors (communication skills and uncertainty tolerance) and group-level factors (teamwork and response to errors) are linked to burnout via professional fulfillment.

Various Methods for Measuring Gingival Thickness - A Comparative Analysis of Three Different Methodologies.

Introduction: Measuring gingival thickness (GT) is crucial in periodontal and implant dentistry as it impacts clinical decisions and outcomes.

Materials And Methods: Several methods are employed to assess GT, including conebeam computed tomography (CBCT), transgingival probing, and ultrasonography. Each technique has distinct advantages and limitations in terms of accuracy, invasiveness, and practical application.

Comparative Diagnosis of Alveolar Antral Wall in the Maxillary Sinus Wall in Corresponding OPG, CBCT, MRI-A Radiographic Comparative Study.

Introduction: This study compares the efficacy of orthopantomography (OPG), conebeam computed tomography (CBCT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in diagnosing the alveolar antral artery (AAA) within the maxillary sinus.

Materials And Methods: Conducted among 297 patients in Odisha, with ages ranging from 20 to 50 years, the study utilized three observers to ensure reliability. Results indicated that MRI is the gold standard for AAA visualization, with high intraand interobserver reliability (Cohen's kappa = 1.

Neural network backstepping control of OWC wave energy system.

This paper investigates the application of Neural Network Backstepping Control (NN-BSC) for enhancing the rotational speed control of Oscillating Water Column (OWC) wave energy systems. Traditional control methods face limitations when dealing with nonlinearities, irregular wave conditions, and actuator disturbances. To address these challenges, this research paper introduces a Chebyshev NN within the BSC framework, leveraging its high approximation accuracy and computational efficiency.

Magnesium-Mediated Cyanosilylation and Hydroboration of Arene and N-Heteroarene Aldehydes: An Experimental and Theoretical Study.

Herein, we showed the utilization of a Mg complex Mg-1 as a catalyst in cyanosilylation reactions involving a number of aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes, conducted under mild reaction conditions. Although complex Mg-1 demonstrated its effectiveness in this transformation, complexes Mg-2 and Mg-3 yielded lower amounts of cyanosilylated products, highlighting the influence of the ligand spacer in catalytic activity. To further assess this effect, a mononuclear magnesium complex, Mg-4, was synthesized and the catalytic performance of Mg-4 in the cyanosilylation of aldehydes was found to be lower than that of Mg-1.

Bioprinting of transparent and adhesive corneal patches: Integrating photo-crosslinkable dopamine-conjugated silk fibroin and decellularized cornea matrix for sutureless tissue integration and regeneration.

Corneal injuries, a leading cause of visual impairment, are traditionally addressed through tissue transplantation. However, challenges such as donor shortages, graft rejection, and complications from suturing often limit their effectiveness. Current corneal adhesives frequently fall short in both adhesion strength and biocompatibility.

Engineering Ni(OH)2 with Pd for Efficient Electrochemical Urea Oxidation.

Urea-assisted water electrolysis offers a promising and energy-efficient alternative to conventional water splitting, requiring only 0.37 V-860 mV lower than the 1.23 V needed for water splitting.

Unusual Suspect: Ménétrier Disease Presents as Gastric Outlet Obstruction in a Toddler.

Ménétrier disease (MD) is a rare condition characterized by hypertrophic gastropathy, leading to enlarged gastric folds, excessive mucus production, and protein loss. Among the approximately 150 cases of reported pediatric MD, the usual presenting features are peripheral oedema, anasarca, and gastrointestinal symptoms. This case report describes a 2-year-old child presenting with gastric outlet obstruction, an unusual manifestation of MD, which has not been described previously in the pediatric age group.

Role of therapeutic plasma exchange on survival in pediatric acute liver failure and acute-on chronic liver failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) has emerged as a promising treatment option for pediatric liver failure (PLF) either as a standalone therapy or as a bridge to liver transplant; however, its precise impact on survival outcomes has not been investigated systematically to date. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the effect of TPE on survival of pediatric patients with liver failure.  METHODS: PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases were searched to include all studies till August 2024 reporting the effect of TPE on survival of acute and acute-on-chronic liver failure patients of age < 18 years.

Prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition among adolescents in India: a systematic review.

Background: Undernutrition is a major public health challenge among Indian adolescents in India where 253 million of them are in the age group of 10-19 years. In spite of several intensive efforts through various program interventions and care, research studies find a less encouraging improvement in nutritional scenarios. The present systematic review aimed to determine the pooled prevalence and associated factors of undernutrition (stunting and underweight) among Indian adolescents.

Involved but not essential: cognitive activity in periventricular nodules and neuropsychological outcomes following their ablation.

Objective: Periventricular nodular heterotopia (PVNH) is a malformation of cortical development with high rates of epilepsy. The extent to which nodules participate in normal cerebral functions in addition to pathological processes is unclear. The authors assessed the functional utility (i.

An acute diarrheal disease outbreak in urban setting of Odisha, India.

Background: Diarrhea, exacerbated by poor hygiene and contaminated water, causes significant child mortality globally. Vibrio cholerae O1 is a primary pathogen, with outbreaks linked to specific biotypes and regions like India. This study documents an acute diarrheal disease outbreak in Rourkela (urban setting), Odisha.

Recent trends in the development of in vitro 3D kidney models.

The kidneys are vital for maintaining bodily homeostasis and are susceptible to various diseases that disrupt their function. Traditionally, research on kidney diseases has relied on animal models and simplistic two-dimensional cell cultures, which don't fully replicate human tissue pathology. To address this, recent advances focus on developing advanced 3D biomimetic in vitro models using human-derived cells.

Breast cancer stem cells convert anti-tumor CD4 T cells to pro-tumor T regulatory cells: Potential role of exosomal FOXP3.

Cancer progression and its treatment-response are regulated by the tumor microenvironment (TME). Tumor-initiating cancer stem cells (CSCs) remain in constant communication with the TME, and modulate it through several mechanisms. Here, from in-silico findings and analyzing breast cancer patient tissue-derived data, CSCs and Tregs were found to be positively correlated.

Comprehensive geriatric assessment in nonhospitalized settings: An overview of systematic reviews.

Aim: Comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) is a commonly used intervention for addressing the health needs of older people. Traditionally used for hospital inpatients, there is inconclusive evidence on its effectiveness in other settings. This overview of reviews aims to synthesize the current evidence regarding CGA models, their effectiveness, feasibility and acceptability in nonhospital settings.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF): the 'Kyoto Consensus'-steps from Asia.

Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) is a condition associated with high mortality in the absence of liver transplantation. There have been various definitions proposed worldwide. The first consensus report of the working party of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) set in 2004 on ACLF was published in 2009, and the "APASL ACLF Research Consortium (AARC)" was formed in 2012.

A qualitative enquiry into participants' and practitioners' experiences in the Australian Liver FaIlurE trial.

Background: The Australian Liver FaIlurE (ALFIE) trial, a multicentre, randomised controlled trial, assessed the efficacy of a nurse-coordinated model of care to reduce liver-related emergency admissions (LREAs) in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. The model of care was delivered by a specialist nurse, including intensive postdischarge monitoring, linkage to multidisciplinary care, rapid access to care pathway, enhanced education and self-management support.

Objective: To examine the experiences of participants and practitioners in the ALFIE trial to understand its impact, barriers and areas for improvement.

Optimal dose and duration of iron supplementation for treating iron deficiency anaemia in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) accounts for nearly two-thirds of all anaemia cases globally. Despite the widespread use of iron supplementation, the optimal dose and duration for treating IDA remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the most effective dose and duration of iron supplementation for improving haemoglobin (Hb) levels in children and adolescents (≤19 years) with IDA.

Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of MaxilloFacial Silicone Elastomer Reinforced with Chitosan Nanoparticles-An Study.

Background: Microbial and fungal growth, particularly , is a major issue with the usage of maxillofacial silicone material, which can lead to chronic infection, inflammation, and silicone material degradation, for which the development of an antimicrobial silicone elastomer has become crucial.

Methodology: This study was designed to determine the efficacy of adding chitosan nanoparticles (1.5%, 3%, and 5% by weight) to silicone matrix on antifungal activity.

Diverse Fluorescent Probe Concepts for Detection and Monitoring of Reactive Oxygen Species.

World-wide research on reactive oxygen species (ROS) continues to reveal new information about the role and impact of ROS on human health and disease. ROS are generated in live cells as a byproduct of aerobic metabolism. Physiological concentrations of cellular ROS are important for signaling and homeostasis, but excessive generation of ROS causes apoptotic and necrotic cell death and various health disorders.

CoviWall, a whole-virion-inactivated B.1.617.2 vaccine candidate, induces potent humoral and Th1 cell response in mice and protects against B.1.617.2 strain challenge in Syrian hamsters.

Rapid development of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines and antiviral drugs have significantly reduced morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although most of the vaccines were developed initially with the ancestral Wuhan antigen, here, we report the development and immunological efficacy of a whole-virion-inactivated vaccine candidate (CoviWall) to combat the deadly B.1.