Kaempferol activates chloride secretion via the cAMP/PKA signaling pathway and expression of CFTR in T84 cells.

Kaempferol is a flavonol identified as the most potent activator of chloride (Cl) secretion among other flavonoids in airway epithelial cells. This study aimed to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which kaempferol stimulates Cl secretion in the T84 human colon carcinoma cell line by Ussing chambers and voltage clamp technique. Bilateral addition of kaempferol (1-100 µM) increased short-circuit current ( ) in a concentration-dependent manner.

Probiotic Feed Additive: Modulation of Sow Milk Metabolomics and Mitigation of Pre-Weaning Piglet Diarrhea.

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of probiotic feed additive on sow and piglet performances, together with alterations in the lipidomic and metabolomic profiles of sow milk. Sixty-four Landrace × Yorkshire crossbred sows and 794 piglets were included. Sows were divided into two groups; i.

Differential innate immune response of endometrial cells to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type 1 versus type 2.

Modification of cellular and immunological events due to porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infection is associated with pathogenesis in lungs. PRRSV also causes female reproductive dysfunction and persistent infection which can spread to fetus, stillbirth, and offspring. In this study, changes in cellular and innate immune responses to PRRSV type 1 or type 2 infection, including expression of PRRSV mediators, mRNA expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and cytokine, and cytokine secretion, were examined in primary porcine glandular endometrial cells (PGE).

Natural high ambient temperature-induced respiratory hypocapnia without activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in lactating goats.

Background And Aim: Activation of breathing, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, and plasma antioxidant defense are adaptive mechanisms in lactating dairy goats fed during the summer season. However, an excess of these responses can interfere with the gas exchange. This study aimed to investigate the effect of natural high ambient temperature (HTa) on blood gas parameters and their relation to the HPA axis and antioxidant defense.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus induces tight junction barrier dysfunction and cell death in porcine glandular endometrial epithelial cells.

Reproductive failure caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is characterized by embryonic death and weak-born piglets and is associated with placental cell apoptosis and impairment of endometrial integrity. Here, we aimed to determine whether endometrial epithelial barrier function and viability were altered following PRRSV type 1 or type 2 infection. PRRSV inoculation was examined at the apical or basolateral side of porcine glandular endometrial epithelial cell cultures isolated from 4- to 6-month-old PRRSV-free herd gilts (n = 7 pigs).

Soy isoflavones enhance β-defensin synthesis and secretion in endometrial epithelial cells with exposure to TLR3 agonist polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid.

Problem: β-defensins are important innate chemical barriers that protect the endometrium from pathogen invasion. The effects of soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, on the expression and secretion of porcine β-defensins (PBD) in endometrial epithelial cells were investigated under normal or poly I:C-stimulated conditions.

Method Of Study: Primary cultured porcine endometrial epithelial (PE) cells were pretreated with genistein or daidzein followed by poly I:C inoculation.

Enhanced Secretion of Beta-Defensins in Endometrial Tissues and Epithelial Cells by Soy Isoflavones.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate whether endometrial tissues and endometrial epithelial cells were capable of secreting beta-defensin (BD)-1 and -2, and soy isoflavones genistein or daidzein could promote these BD secretions. The effect of genistein on Cl- secretion in correlation with the BD secretion was also examined.

Material And Method: Endometrial tissues or glandular epithelial cell monolayer were mounted in Ussing chamber for measurement of electrical parameters.

Anti-inflammatory Effect of Genistein in Human Endometrial Cell Line Treatment with Endotoxin Lipopolysaccharide.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the anti-inflammatory effect of phytoestrogen genistein (Ge) on the secretion of interleukin 6 (IL6) under lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated conditions in human endometrial epithelial cell line RL95-2. The effects of Ge on expression of TLRs 2, 3, 4 and 9 proteins in response to the inflammatory development induced by LPS were also examined and compared with those of 17β-estradiol (E2).

Material And Method: The RL95-2 cells were cultured in the estrogen-deprived media with or without bacterial endotoxin LPS 30 min prior to incubation with Ge (10-7, 10-6 or 10-5 M) or E2 (10-9 M) for 48 h.

Isoflavone Genistein Modulates the Protein Expression of Toll-like Receptors in Cancerous Human Endometrial Cells.

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate whether genistein, a potent phytoestrogen mainly found in soybean, modulated the expression of TLRs 2, 3, 4 and 9 proteins in human endometrial epithelial cell line RL95-2 under basal and polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I: C) stimulated conditions to mimic viral infection. The genistein effects were also compared with 17β-estradiol.

Material And Method: The RL95-2 cells were cultured in the estrogen-deprived media with or without poly I: C 30 min prior to incubation with genistein (10(-7), 10(-6) or 10(-5) M) or 17β-estradiol (10(-9) M) for 48 h.

Soy isoflavones improves endometrial barrier through tight junction gene expression.

Contamination with bacterial endotoxin causes the disruption of the tight junction (TJ) barrier. We investigated the ameliorative effect of dietary flavonoids genistein (Ge) and daidzein (Di) in normal or lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced disruption of epithelial barrier function of the endometrium. Using the immortalized porcine glandular endometrial epithelial cells (PEG), transepithelial electrical resistance (TER) and FITC-dextran flux (FD-4) across the monolayer were measured.

Activation of chloride secretion by isoflavone genistein in endometrial epithelial cells.

Background/aim: Genistein, the most active isoflavone found primarily in soybeans, alters ion transport functions in intestinal and airway epithelia. The present study aims to investigate the acute effects and mechanisms of action of genistein in immortalized porcine endometrial epithelial cells.

Methods: Ussing chamber technique was used for transepithelial electrical measurements.

Modulatory effects of phytoestrogens on the expression of Fas ligand and the release of cytochrome C in normal and cancerous endometrial cells.

Cytochrome c (CytC) released from mitochondria induces apoptosis in both normal and tumor cells. Expression of Fas ligand (FasL) helps maintain tumor cell survival by inducing apoptosis of Fas-bearing anti-tumor immune cells. A risk of endometrial cancer has been reported to associate with phytoestrogen consumption.

Site-specific regulation of ion transport by prolactin in rat colon epithelium.

The effect of prolactin (PRL) on ion transport across the rat colon epithelium was investigated using Ussing chamber technique. PRL (1 μg/ml) induced a sustained decrease in short-circuit current (I(sc)) in the distal colon with an EC(50) value of 100 ng/ml and increased I(sc) in the proximal colon with an EC(50) value of 49 ng/ml. In the distal colon, the PRL-induced decrease in I(sc) was not affected by Na(+) channel blocker amiloride or Cl(-) channel blockers, NPPB, DPC, or DIDS, added mucosally.

Differential effects of exogenous and endogenous estrogen on anxiety as measured by elevated T-maze in relation to the serotonergic system.

The effects of estrogen on anxiety-like behaviors have been widely studied but the mechanisms responsible are still inconclusive. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of transient high levels of endogenous estrogen and chronic exogenous estrogen treatment on the anxiety-like behaviors using the elevated T-maze (ETM) test. In addition, serotonin (5-HT) and its metabolite (5-HIAA), serotonin reuptake transporter (SERT) and tryptophan hydroxylase enzyme (TPH) were measured at the end of the study and correlated to the task performances.

Regulation of electrolyte transport across cultured endometrial epithelial cells by prolactin.

The effect of prolactin (PRL) on ion transport across the porcine glandular endometrial epithelial cells was studied in primary cell culture using the short-circuit current technique. Addition of 1 microg/ml PRL either to the apical solution or to the basolateral solution produced a peak followed by a sustained increase in Isc, but with a lesser response when PRL was added apically. Basolateral addition of PRL increased the Isc in a concentration-dependent manner with a maximum effect at 1 microg/ml and an effective concentration value of 120 ng/ml.

Anxiolytic property of estrogen related to the changes of the monoamine levels in various brain regions of ovariectomized rats.

Anxiety is a symptom reflecting the dysregulation of monoaminergic neurotransmitters which may be modulated by estrogen. In our current study, we investigated the effects of chronic estrogen administration (10 microg/kg, s.c.

Barakol suppresses norepinephrine-induced inhibition of spontaneous longitudinal smooth muscle contractions in isolated rat small intestine.

The present study aimed to investigate the purgative effects of barakol, the purified extract of Cassia siamea Lam., on the longitudinal smooth muscle contractions of the rat ileum. The extract increased the force of spontaneous muscle contractions in a concentration-dependent manner (EC50=0.

Barakol extracted from Cassia siamea stimulates chloride secretion in rat colon.

Barakol is a purified extract of Cassia siamea, a plant that has been used as a laxative in traditional medicine. In this study, the effect of barakol on anion transport across the rat colon epithelium was investigated. Colonic epithelium was mounted in Ussing chambers and bathed with Ringer's solution.

Chemical coding of neurons expressing delta- and kappa-opioid receptor and type I vanilloid receptor immunoreactivities in the porcine ileum.

Opioid drugs have profound antidiarrheal and constipating actions in the intestinal tract and are effective in mitigating abdominal pain. Mediators of intestinal inflammation and allergy produce increased mucosal secretion, altered bowel motility and pain due to their ability to evoke enteric secretomotor reflexes through primary afferent neurons. In this study, the distribution of delta- and kappa-opioid receptor (DOR and KOR, respectively) immunoreactivities in chemically identified neurons of the porcine ileum was compared with that of the capsaicin-sensitive type 1 vanilloid receptor (VR1).