Life-threatening arteriovenous malformation of the maxillomandibular region and treatment outcomes.

We report on cases of life-threatening maxillomandibular arteriovenous malformations (AVM) whereby patients had successful endovascular treatment with good outcomes. Out of a total 93 facial AVMs treated endovascularly between 1991 and 2009, five patients (5.4%) had maxillomandibular AVMs.

Degree of midline shift from CT scan predicted outcome in patients with head injuries.

Objective: To evaluate the relationship between the degree of midline shift by Computed Tomography (CT) finding and Glasglow Coma Score (GCS) as a predictive of clinical outcome in patients after head injury. METHOD AND METHOD: The present study was performed by retrospectively reviewing 216 consecutive cases of traumatic head injury admitted to the trauma center in Siriraj Hospital from 1999 until 2004. All patients were evaluated for level of consciousness by a neurosurgeon determining by GCS and underwent CT brain for evaluation of intracranial hemorrhage and midline shift.

Evaluation of image quality and lens's radiation dose of a low-dose cranial CT scan.

Objective: To determine the lowest miliampere-second (mAs) of a cranial computed tomography (CT) scan that can maintain acceptable image quality on cranial CT scan which might help reducing the risk of cataract formation.

Material And Method: The present study was performed on the 148 patients in routine daily practice sent for diagnosis of intracranial conditions by a cranial CT scan. During the cranial CT scanning, each lens's radiation dose on patient's eyes was measured by a thermoluminescent dosimeter Clinical image quality, particularly in analysis of gray and white matter differentiation, was evaluated independently using a 5 point scale by two radiologists.

Patterns of cranial venous system from the comparative anatomy in vertebrates. Part I, introduction and the dorsal venous system.

Many classifications of the cerebral venous system are found in the literature but they are seldom based on phylogenic study. Among vertebrates, venous drainage of the brain vesicles differs depending on the species. Due to the variability, poorly descriptive articles, and many different names used for the veins, the comparative study of the cranial venous system can hardly be performed in detail.

Vascular loop compressing facial nerve in hemifacial spasm: demonstrated by 3D-phase contrast magnetic resonance angiography in 101 patients.

Background: Vascular compression of the facial nerve is deemed to be the common cause of hemifacial spasm producing emphatic transmission. Although facial nucleus supersensitivity is more accepted as the main cause of hemifacial spasm.

Purpose: To determine the vascular loop compression of the facial nerve in patients with hemifacial spasm by 3D-phase contrast (PC) magnatic resonance imaging (MRI).

Embolization of vascular malformations in head and neck regions. A single center experience.

The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of embolization of each type of vascular malformation. Thirty three patients with a diagnosis of vascular malformations in head and neck regions who were treated by embolization at Siriraj Hospital, Thailand, between 1997-2002 were reviewed retrospectively. There were 19 arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), two arteriolar-capillary types, ten venous malformations, one veno-lymphatic malformation and one mixed capillary and venous types.

Spontaneous occlusion of a bilateral post traumatic carotid cavernous fistula.

This report describes a rare occurrence of spontaneous closure of direct bilateral carotid cavernous fistula in a 62-year-old woman who had head injury. This was confirmed by clinical examination and subsequent angiogram. Partial thrombosis of bilateral superior ophthalmic veins was observed in the initial arteriography.

Moyamoya syndrome: post cranial irradiation of pineal gland tumor.

A right-handed eight-year-old boy, with headache, vomiting and positive parinaud's sign was diagnosed as having a pineal gland tumor which histopathological section from surgical biopsy revealed to be a germinoma. The patient underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunt for obstructive hydrocephalus. Thereafter, he received cranial irradiation as definitive treatment.

Extracavernous arteriovenous fistulae. Report of five cases.

We report five cases of arteriovenous fistulae (AVFs) of the carotid system. Two were traumatic non penetrating injuries and involved the subarachnoid, extracavernous part of the intracranial internal carotid artery; two were spontaneous and involved the internal carotid artery in its extracranial portion; one was a spontaneous AVF of the ascending pharyngeal artery. All the symptoms due to these AVFs were not related to the location of the fistula, but to the congestive venous drainage.

Interventional neuroradiology in Thailand: 1989-1997.

In 1979 the Siriraj team in Bangkok began exploring a field that was then new in Thailand, i.e. interventional neuroradiology.

Anatomoclinical Aspects of Dural Arteriovenous Shunts in Children. Review of 29 cases.

We review 29 children (presenting between 1985-1996) with dural arteriovenous shunts. By analysing the anatomical features from axial and angiographic imaging and examining the clinical history and pathophysiological characteristics, we hypothesize that different diseases can be distinguished and divided into three groups: dural sinus malformation (DSM), infantile type of dural arteriovenous shunts (IDAVS) and adult type of dural arteriovenous shunts (ADAVS). It was helpful to classify these diseases when assessing the treatment options and long-term prognosis.

Mesencephalo-diencephalic angioanatomy in arteriovenous malformations. Endovascular management of transmesencephalic vs subependymal supply in 954 cases between 1982 and 1994.

This report presents the arteries of the mesencephalo-diencephalic region and their different role in the supply to the cerebral structures. Among them, the authors distinguish the subependymal and transmesencephalic arteries to which they pay a special attention since these vessels present a specific angiographic aspect. The importance of their differentiation is emphasized.

Computed tomography of intraventricular masses.

The CT appearances in 87 patients with intraventricular mass lesion were analyzed in order to verify the characteristic finding. The pathological diagnoses included medulloblastoma in 27, astrocytoma in 16, craniopharyngioma in 15, ependymoma in 9, meningioma in 7, AVM in 4, choroid plexus papilloma and epidermoid cyst in 2 each. One each had teratoma, ependymal cyst, cysticercosis, cavernous hemangioma and hemangioblastoma.

CT diagnosis of cerebral cysticercosis.

CT findings of 132 patients with cerebral cysticercosis were analysed. The most common finding was multiple parenchymal punctate calcifications, accounting for 53 per cent; calcifications mostly scattered in both cerebral hemispheres. The second most common finding was enhancing ring(s) or nodule(s) of about 1 cm in diameter with perifocal edema, about 43 per cent.

Intracranial extramedullary hematopoiesis inducing epilepsy in a patient with beta-thalassemia--hemoglobin E.

Generalized epileptiform seizures developed in a 23-year-old patient with beta-thalassemia-hemoglobin E. A computed tomographic scan suggested an intracranial mass. Surgery disclosed an extramedullary hematopoietic mass compressing the brain.