Development of an animal-derived component-free medium for Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells using response surface methodology.

Objectives: To develop an animal-derived component-free medium for Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) growth and green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression.

Results: OSF9-ADCFM contained optimum concentrations of CDLC, YE and ST at 0.5% (v/v), 11.

SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence in Unvaccinated Adults in Thailand in November 2021.

Between the first case of COVID-19 in January 2020 and the end of 2021, Thailand experienced four waves of the epidemic. The third and fourth waves were caused by the alpha and delta strains from April 2021 to November 2021. Serosurveillance studies provide snapshots of the true scale of the outbreak, including the asymptomatic infections that could not be fully captured by a hospital-based case detection system.