Synthesis, biological evaluation, and studies of lantadene-derived pentacyclic triterpenoids as anticancer agents targeting IKK-β.

We report the anticancer activity, structure-activity relationships (SAR), molecular mechanism, and docking studies of nine pentacyclic triterpenoids derived from lantadene A. The NCI-60 cytotoxicity screening of synthesized compounds on 60 human tumor cell lines, representing nine different cancers revealed that compound , bearing dual C-3 and C-22 butyryloxy substitutions at the pentacyclic triterpenoid scaffold, displays remarkable potency with mean growth inhibition of 98.7% at 10 μM.

Optimization and purification of a novel calcium-independent thermostable, α-amylase produced by Bacillus licheniformis UDS-5.

Microbial amylases should essentially remain active at higher temperatures, and in the alkaline pH and a range of surfactants to be suitable as detergent additives. In the present study, a thermophilic amylase producing bacterium, Bacillus licheniformis UDS-5 was isolated from Unai hot water spring in Gujarat, India. It was identified as a potent amylase producer during starch plate-based screening process.

Isolation and characterization of a blue coloured three coordinate Cu(I)-radical complex with an S donor set.

A stable three coordinate Cu(I)-radical complex with an S donor set having the general formula of [Cu(S-NHCH)(SS-NHCS)] (1) was isolated as dark blue needles. Interestingly, this complex possesses a zwitterionic ligand, S-NHCH, which is coordinated to the central Cu(I) ion its S-atom [S-NHCH C4-thiolate functionalized C2-protonated zwitterionic N-hetero cyclic carbene; SS-NHCS˙ NHC-based dithiolene radical anion]. 1 has been structurally characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and further characterized by UV-vis, IR, XPS, and EPR spectroscopy.

A Comparative Analysis of Generic Drug Assessment and Regulatory Approval in the USA, Europe and India.

The Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) is used for the regulatory submission of generic drugs, which are pharmaceutical equivalents to brand-name drugs and distributed without patent protection. Different countries have their own regulatory requirements for the approval of generic drugs, enforced by authorities such as the CDSCO in India, EDQM in Europe, and USFDA in the United States. This review aims to compare the regulatory processes and requirements for generic drug approval in India, Europe, and the US, highlighting key differences and challenges.

Exploring Patterns of Medication Usage in Affective Disorder Patients: A Comprehensive Investigation at a Psychiatry Outpatient Clinic of a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Introduction: Affective disorders impose a significant burden on public health due to their high prevalence and associated suffering. This study addresses gaps in current literature and clinical practice by providing insights into medication usage trends, which can inform treatment strategies and optimize patient care. The study aims to investigate drug utilization patterns, particularly focusing on defined daily dose/1000/day, among individuals attending a psychiatric outpatient department of a tertiary care hospital.

Gut instincts: Unveiling the connection between gut microbiota and Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder marked by neuroinflammation and gradual cognitive decline. Recent research has revealed that the gut microbiota (GM) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. However, the mechanism by which GM and microbial metabolites alter brain function is not clearly understood.

Evaluation of the efficiency of thermostable L-asparaginase from B. licheniformis UDS-5 for acrylamide mitigation during preparation of French fries.

A thermostable L-asparaginase was produced from Bacillus licheniformis UDS-5 (GenBank accession number, OP117154). The production conditions were optimized by the Plackett Burman method, followed by the Box Behnken method, where the enzyme production was enhanced up to fourfold. It secreted L-asparaginase optimally in the medium, pH 7, containing 0.

Potential of ionic liquids as emerging green solvent for the pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass.

Lignocellulosic biomass is available in abundance as a renewable resource, but the major portion of it is often discarded as waste without utilizing its immense potential as an alternative renewable energy resource. To overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass, various pretreatment methods are applied to it, so that the complex and rigid polymeric structure can be broken down into fractions susceptible for enzymatic hydrolysis. Effective and efficient biomass processing is the goal of pretreatment methods, but none of the explored pretreatment methods are versatile enough to fulfil the requirement of biomass processing with greater flexibility in terms of operational cost and desired output efficiency.

Synthesis of SiN/SiS-heterocycles the reactions of a bis-silylene with isocyanate/isothiocyanate molecules.

Reactions of -carborane-fused bis-silylene 1 with isocyanate/isothiocyanate molecules furnished a series of SiN/SiS-heterocycles, which show distinct styles of cyclization and were theoretically studied.

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in aquatic ecosystem exposed to the 2020 Baghjan oil spill in upper Assam, India: Short-term toxicity and ecological risk assessment.

This study focuses on the short-term contamination and associated risks arising from the release of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) due to the 2020 Baghjan oil blowout in upper Assam, India. Shortly after the Baghjan oil blowout, samples were collected from water, sediment, and fish species and examined for PAHs contents. The results of the analysis revealed ΣPAHs concentrations ranged between 0.

Unveiling the Anomaly of Reduction of Carborane-bis-silylene-Stabilised Silylone/Germylone Leading to Unusual Oxidation of Si /Ge to Si /Ge with EDA-NOCV Analyses.

Researchers have successfully isolated Si /Ge species, termed silylone and germylone, with two lone pairs of electrons on them. These elusive compounds have been stabilised in singlet ground states by using different donor base ligands. Driess et al.

Open shell versus closed shell bonding interaction in cyclopropane derivatives: EDA-NOCV analyses.

Cyclopropane ring is a very common motif in organic/bio-organic compounds. The chemical bonding of this strained ring is taught to all chemistry students. This three-membered cyclic, C ring is quite reactive which has attracted both, synthetic and theoretical chemists to rationalize/correlate its stability and bonding with its reactivity and physical properties over a century.

COVID-19 progression towards ARDS: a genome wide study reveals host factors underlying critical COVID-19.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a viral infection produced by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus epidemic, which was declared a global pandemic in March 2020. The World Health Organization has recorded around 43.3 billion cases and 59.

Truncation or proteolysis of α-synuclein in Parkinsonism.

Posttranslational modifications of α-synuclein, such as truncation or abnormal proteolysis, are implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), and multiple system atrophy (MSA). A key focus of this article includes the proteases responsible for inducing truncation, the specific sites susceptible to truncation, and the resultant influence of these truncated species on the seeding and aggregation of endogenous α-synuclein. We also shed light on the unique structural attributes of these truncated species, and how these modifications can lead to distinctive forms of synucleinopathies.

Bonding and stability of elusive silaboryne (SiB) and germaboryne (GeB) with donor base ligands.

Stabilizing the exotic chemical species possessing multiple bonds is often extremely challenging due to insufficient orbital overlap, especially involving one heavier element. Bulky aryl groups and/or carbene as ligand have previously stabilized the SiSi, GeGe, and BB triple bonds. Herein, theoretical calculations have been carried out to shed light on the stability and bonding of elusive silaboryne/germaboryne (Si/GeB triple bond) stabilized by donor base ligands ((cAAC)BE(Me)(L); E = Si, L = cAAC , NHC , PMe ; E = Ge, L = cAAC ).

The Role of Superoxide Dismutase 1 in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Identification of Signaling Pathways, Regulators, Molecular Interaction Networks, and Biological Functions through Bioinformatics.

Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) result in misfolding and aggregation of the protein, causing neurodegenerative amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In recent years, several new SOD1 variants that trigger ALS have been identified, making it increasingly crucial to understand the SOD1 toxicity pathway in ALS. Here we used an integrated bioinformatics approach, including the Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) tool to analyze signaling pathways, regulators, functions, and network molecules of SOD1 with an emphasis on ALS.

Ingenuity pathway analysis of -synuclein predicts potential signaling pathways, network molecules, biological functions, and its role in neurological diseases.

Despite the knowledge that mutation, multiplication, and anomalous function of -synuclein cause progressive transformation of -synuclein monomers into toxic amyloid fibrils in neurodegenerative diseases, the understanding of canonical signaling, interaction network molecules, biological functions, and role of -synuclein remains ambiguous. The evolution of artificial intelligence and Bioinformatics tools have enabled us to analyze a vast pool of data to draw meaningful conclusions about the events occurring in complex biological systems. We have taken the advantage of such a Bioinformatics tool, ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) to decipher the signaling pathways, interactome, biological functions, and role of -synuclein.

Bioconversion of fruit waste and sewage sludge mixtures by black soldier fly (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) larvae.

Bioconversion of fruit waste (FW) and sewage sludge (SS) sludge mixtures into valuable products was investigated using black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) under a lab-scale trial. For that, five different setups of FW and SS mixtures (100FW; 100SS; 70SS+30FW; 50SS+50FW; 70FW+30SS) were prepared and changes in larval biomass, feed loss, and residual waste physicochemical properties were estimated until the emergence of fly in all waste mixtures. BSFL caused a significant decrease in total organic carbon (11.

Fate and toxicity of triclosan in tidal flow constructed wetlands amended with cow dung biochar.

Triclosan (TC) is one of the threats to the environment due to its bioaccumulative nature, persistency, combined toxicity in aquatic biota, and endocrine-disrupting nature. This study revealed the removal of TC via three distinct setups of vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCW: B-VFCW (with biochar); PB-VFCW (with plant Colocasia and biochar); C-VFCW (without biochar but with plant)) operated with normal flow and tidal-flow (flooding/drying cycles of 72 h/24 h: B-TFCW; PB-TFCW; C-TFCW) mode for 216 h of the operation cycle. The effluent was analyzed for changes in TC load and wastewater parameters (COD, NO-N, NH-N, and DO).

Effect of biochar amendment on metal mobility, phytotoxicity, soil enzymes, and metal-uptakes by wheat (Triticum aestivum) in contaminated soils.

The use of low-cost substances such as biochar could be a sustainable approach to reduce the mobility, accumulation, and toxic impact of heavy metals in crop systems. This study investigates the effect of biochar amendment on heavy metal (Cr, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Zn, Mg and Fe) mobility, bioaccumulation factor (BAF), plant (wheat) metal-uptake, plant oxidative stress, and soil enzymatic profile in contaminated industrial soil. Biochar was obtained from slow pyrolysis of Lantana (LBC), and Parthenium (PBC) biomass, and applied at 3% rates in contaminated soils for wheat crop study under a greenhouse experimental setup.

Removal of pharmaceuticals by vertical flow constructed wetland with different configurations: Effect of inlet load and biochar addition in the substrate.

Pharmaceuticals (PCs) residues are considered an emerging threat to the environment due to their persistency, ecotoxicity and bioaccumulative nature. To study the PC (amoxicillin, AMX; caffeine, CF; ibuprofen, IBU) removal efficiency of vertical flow constructed wetland (VFCW), three setups of VFCWs were configured: SB (substrate matrix + biochar (BC)); SBP (substrate matrix + BC + plant); SP (substrate matrix + plant) and changes in effluent PC load was estimated at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120, 144 and 168 h intervals. SBP with an influent load of 1,000 μg L showed the maximum removals of 75.

Principles and potential of thermal hydrolysis of sewage sludge to enhance anaerobic digestion.

Sewage sludge is rich source of carbon, nutrients, and trace elements and can be subjected to proper treatment before disposal to fulfill government legislation and protect receiving environments. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a well-adopted technology for stabilizing sewage sludge and recovering energy-rich biogas and nutrient-rich digestate. However, a slow hydrolysis rate limits the biodegradability of sludge.

(+)-Cyanidan-3-ol inhibits epidermoid squamous cell carcinoma growth via inhibiting AKT/mTOR signaling through modulating CIP2A-PP2A axis.

Background: Despite recent advances in the treatment of squamous cell skin cancer (SCSC), the disease persists, and treatment resistance develops. Thus, identifying new targets and developing new therapeutic approaches showing low vulnerability to drug resistance is highly needed.

Purpose: This study aimed to reveal a novel targeted phytotherapeutic strategy for SCSC treatment alone or in combination with standard targeted anticancer molecules.