Predicting Urinary Function Outcomes Following Low-dose-rate Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer.

Background And Objective: Our aim was to develop a tool using readily available clinical parameters to predict the probability of poor urinary function following low-dose-rate brachytherapy (LDR-BT) for localized prostate cancer.

Methods: Data from the multicentre, prospective Swiss LDR-BT cohort were analyzed for men treated with LDR-BT. Inclusion criteria were minimum follow-up of 3 yr or postoperative treatment with transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

Sex differences in clinical presentation, treatment response, and side effects of nutritional therapy among patients at nutritional risk: a secondary analysis of the randomized clinical trial EFFORT.

Background: Considering sex-specific factors has become an increasingly recognized area for research and practice, in the field of clinical nutrition, there is insufficient evidence regarding differences in clinical presentation, treatment response, and side effects of nutritional therapy among female and male patients.

Objectives: We hypothesized that the clinical presentation, response to nutritional therapy, and side effects from the intervention would differ in the two sexes.

Methods: This secondary analysis investigated differences among female and male patients at risk for malnutrition regarding initial presentation, clinical outcomes, and treatment response in patients included in the Effect of Early Nutritional Support on Frailty, Functional Outcomes, and Recovery of Malnourished Medical Inpatients Trial (EFFORT), a randomized controlled trial comparing individualized nutritional support to usual care.

Postmortem pathologic findings in dogs that underwent total body irradiation and hematopoietic cell transplant: A case series of five dogs with B-cell multicentric lymphoma.

Alternative therapies that can help achieve complete remission in dogs with lymphoma include total body irradiation and hematopoietic cell transplant, though there are few reports describing successes and pathologic sequelae of these procedures. During a 10-year period, 94 dogs with multicentric lymphoma received a hematopoietic cell transplant following total body irradiation at North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine. Seven of these 94 dogs (7%) died prior to discharge, five (5%) of which presented for postmortem examination.

SARS-CoV-2 Transmission during High-Altitude Field Studies.

Grimm, Mirjam, Lucie Ziegler, Annina Seglias, Maamed Mademilov, Kamila Magdieva, Gulzada Mirzalieva, Aijan Taalaibekova, Simone Suter, Simon R. Schneider, Fiona Zoller, Vera Bissig, Lukas Reinhard, Meret Bauer, Julian Müller, Tanja L. Ulrich, Arcangelo F.

Reproductive Genetic Medicine in a Post- World: Will it Make Life Harder for People with Genetic Disease?

Post- abortion restrictions impact access and choice in the context of reproductive genetic medicine, raising serious reproductive justice concerns. The consequences of these restrictions are particularly acute and far-reaching for individuals with genetic conditions and their families.

Why reason-based abortion bans are not a remedy against eugenics: an empirical study.

In , Justice Thomas wrote an impassioned concurrence describing abortions based on sex, disability or race as a form of 'modern-day eugenics'. He defended the challenged Indiana reason-based abortion (RBA) ban as a necessary antidote to these practices. Inspired by this concurrence, legislatures have increasingly enacted similar bills and statutes allegedly as a prophylactic to 'eugenics', its underlying discrimination, and the racial disparities eugenics caused.

Do biodiversity monitoring citizen science surveys meet the core principles of open science practices?

Citizen science (CS), as an enabler of open science (OS) practices, is a low-cost and accessible method for data collection in biodiversity monitoring, which can empower and educate the public both on scientific research priorities and on environmental change. Where OS increases research transparency and scientific democratisation; if properly implemented, CS should do the same. Here, we present the findings of a systematic review exploring "openness" of CS in biodiversity monitoring.

Outcomes of 434 dogs with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicosis treated with fluid therapy, lipid emulsion, or therapeutic plasma exchange.

Background: Traditional management of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) intoxication includes gastrointestinal decontamination, intravenous administration of fluids (IVF), and gastroprotection. Intravenous administration of lipid emulsion (ILE) and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) are popular novel therapeutic strategies.

Hypothesis: Compare outcomes of dogs treated with IVF, ILE, and TPE for NSAID intoxications and evaluate outcome predictors for drug subgroups.

Doxorubicin for treatment of histiocytic sarcoma in dogs: 31 cases (2003-2017).

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of doxorubicin for treatment of histiocytic sarcoma (HS) in dogs, whether administered as the sole treatment or as an adjunct to surgery or radiation therapy.

Animals: 31 client-owned dogs with localized or disseminated HS examined between 2003 and 2017.

Procedures: Medical records were reviewed retrospectively, and data were collected.

The goldilocks conundrum: Disclosing discrimination risks in informed consent.

Informed consent is a foundational ethical and legal principle in human subjects research and clinical care. Yet, there is extensive debate over how much information must be disclosed to meet ethical goals and legal requirements, especially about non-medical risks. In this online, survey-based experiment of a diverse sample of the US general population, we explored one aspect of this debate by testing whether the level of detail included in informed consent regarding genetic anti-discrimination protections alters individuals' willingness to participate in a hypothetical research study and their concerns regarding genetic discrimination.

Outcomes of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicosis treated with therapeutic plasma exchange in 62 dogs.

Background: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is gaining popularity for the management of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) overdose in dogs.

Hypothesis/objectives: Describe a population of dogs treated with TPE for NSAID overdose.

Animals: Sixty-two dogs with NSAID overdose treated with TPE.

Allogeneic peripheral blood haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of dogs with high-grade B-cell lymphoma.

Autologous peripheral blood haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HCT) cures 33%-40% of dogs with high-grade B-cell lymphoma. We hypothesized, based on human allogeneic bone marrow transplantation literature, that transplanting dogs using canine donor leukocyte-matched CD34+ cells would lead to fewer relapses and increased cure rates. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of dogs diagnosed with high-grade B-cell lymphoma who received an identical allogeneic HCT.

ICU Cockpit: a platform for collecting multimodal waveform data, AI-based computational disease modeling and real-time decision support in the intensive care unit.

ICU Cockpit: a secure, fast, and scalable platform for collecting multimodal waveform data, online and historical data visualization, and online validation of algorithms in the intensive care unit. We present a network of software services that continuously stream waveforms from ICU beds to databases and a web-based user interface. Machine learning algorithms process the data streams and send outputs to the user interface.

Centrifugal therapeutic plasma exchange in dogs with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (2016-2018): 7 cases.

Objective: To describe the technique of centrifugal therapeutic plasma exchange (cTPE) in dogs diagnosed with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and summarize the outcome of the procedure.

Design: Retrospective review of cTPE performed at North Carolina State University from 2016 to 2018, through a search of the institutional database for cTPE and IMHA.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Ending Neonatal Deaths From Hypothermia in Sub-Saharan Africa: Call for Essential Technologies Tailored to the Context.

Neonatal death represents a major burden in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where the main conditions triggering mortality, such as prematurity, labor complications, infections, and respiratory distress syndrome, are frequently worsened by hypothermia, which dramatically scales up the risk of death. In SSA, the lack of awareness on the procedures to prevent hypothermia and the shortage of essential infant devices to treat it are hampering the reduction of neonatal deaths associated to hypothermia. Here, we offer a snapshot on the current available medical solutions to prevent and treat hypothermia in SSA, with a focus on Kenya.

Reproductive Technologies and Free Speech.

The Supreme Court and lower courts have not articulated a clear or consistent framework for First Amendment analysis of speech restrictions in health care and with respect to abortion. After offering a coherent doctrine for analysis of speech restrictions in the doctor-patient relationship, this piece demonstrates how potential legislation restricting patient access to information from reproductive testing intended to limit "undesirable" reproductive choices would violate the First Amendment.

A Retrospective Analysis: Autologous Peripheral Blood Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Combined With Adoptive T-Cell Therapy for the Treatment of High-Grade B-Cell Lymphoma in Ten Dogs.

In humans, a type of cellular immunotherapy, called adoptive T cell transfer (ACT), can elicit curative responses against hematological malignancies and melanoma. ACT using expanded peripheral blood T-cells after multiagent chemotherapy enhances tumor-free survival of dogs with B-cell lymphoma (LSA). Since 2008, our group has been performing autologous peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplants (autoPBHSCT) for the treatment of canine high-grade B-cell LSA, although relapse of residual disease is a common cause of reduced survival in ~70% of treated dogs.

Regulating forensic genetic genealogy.

Maryland ’s new law provides a model for others.

The persistent lack of knowledge and misunderstanding of the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) more than a decade after passage.

Purpose: More than a decade after the Genetic Information Nondiscrimination Act (GINA) was passed, there is a paucity of research on the general public's awareness of GINA. This study's objective was to assess knowledge of GINA and concerns of genetic discrimination.

Methods: A quota-based sample of US adults (N = 421) was recruited via Qualtrics Research Services to complete an online survey.

Adjuvant Sirolimus Does Not Improve Outcome in Pet Dogs Receiving Standard-of-Care Therapy for Appendicular Osteosarcoma: A Prospective, Randomized Trial of 324 Dogs.

Purpose: The mTOR pathway has been identified as a key nutrient signaling hub that participates in metastatic progression of high-grade osteosarcoma. Inhibition of mTOR signaling is biologically achievable with sirolimus, and might slow the outgrowth of distant metastases. In this study, pet dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma were leveraged as high-value biologic models for pediatric osteosarcoma, to assess mTOR inhibition as a therapeutic strategy for attenuating metastatic disease progression.

Legal challenges in reproductive genetics.

Recent advancements in reproductive genetics have resulted in the availability of an extraordinary amount of new and detailed information for patients and providers. Whereas this information can inform many who are facing difficult clinical decisions, it can also introduce complex and uncertain choices. Expanded carrier screening and preimplantation genetic diagnosis for aneuploidy are important examples of new genetic techniques that are now widely used in reproductive medicine.

Unraveling the deep learning gearbox in optical coherence tomography image segmentation towards explainable artificial intelligence.

Machine learning has greatly facilitated the analysis of medical data, while the internal operations usually remain intransparent. To better comprehend these opaque procedures, a convolutional neural network for optical coherence tomography image segmentation was enhanced with a Traceable Relevance Explainability (T-REX) technique. The proposed application was based on three components: ground truth generation by multiple graders, calculation of Hamming distances among graders and the machine learning algorithm, as well as a smart data visualization ('neural recording').