First Dark Matter Search Results from the LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ) Experiment.

The LUX-ZEPLIN experiment is a dark matter detector centered on a dual-phase xenon time projection chamber operating at the Sanford Underground Research Facility in Lead, South Dakota, USA. This Letter reports results from LUX-ZEPLIN's first search for weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs) with an exposure of 60 live days using a fiducial mass of 5.5 t.

The Effectiveness of Interventions for the Prevention or Treatment of Paternal Perinatal Anxiety: A Systematic Review.

The worldwide prevalence of paternal perinatal anxiety (PPA) ranges between 3.4% and 25.0% antenatally, and 2.

Cost-effectiveness of testing for latent tuberculosis infection in people with HIV.

Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the cost-effectiveness of screening strategies for predicting LTBI that progresses to active tuberculosis (TB) in people with HIV.

Design: We developed a decision-analytical model that constituted a decision tree covering diagnosis of LTBI and a Markov model covering progression to active TB. The model represents the lifetime experience following testing for LTBI, and discounting costs, and benefits at 3.

Locating hydrogen positions in the autunite mineral metatorbernite [Cu(UO)(PO)·8HO]: a combined approach using neutron powder diffraction and computational modelling.

Metatorbernite [Cu(UO)(PO)·8HO] is a promising remediation material for environmental uranium contamination. Previous X-ray diffraction studies have been unable to definitively locate hydrogen positions within metatorbernite, which are key to determining the hydrogen-bond network that helps to stabilize the structure. Here, hydrogen positions have been determined using a combination of neutron powder diffraction and the computational modelling technique random structure searching (AIRSS).

Mobile Clinical Decision Support System for the Management of Diabetic Patients With Kidney Complications in UK Primary Care Settings: Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.

Background: Attempts to utilize eHealth in diabetes mellitus (DM) management have shown promising outcomes, mostly targeted at patients; however, few solutions have been designed for health care providers.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to conduct a feasibility project developing and evaluating a mobile clinical decision support system (CDSS) tool exclusively for health care providers to manage chronic kidney disease (CKD) in patients with DM.

Methods: The design process was based on the 3 key stages of the user-centered design framework.

Colonies of threaded rings in excitable media.

A thring is a recent addition to the zoo of spiral wave phenomena found in excitable media and consists of a scroll ring that is threaded by a pair of counter-rotating scroll waves. This arrangement behaves as a particle that swims through the medium. Here, we present results on the dynamics, interaction, and collective behavior of several thrings via numerical simulation of the reaction-diffusion equations that model thrings created in chemical experiments.

Threaded Rings that Swim in Excitable Media.

Cardiac tissue and the Belousov-Zhabotinsky reaction provide two notable examples of excitable media that support scroll waves, in which a filament core is the source of spiral waves of excitation. Here we consider a novel topological configuration in which a closed filament loop, known as a scroll ring, is threaded by a pair of counterrotating filaments that are perpendicular to the plane of the ring and end on the boundary of a thin medium. We simulate the dynamics of this threaded ring (thring) in the photosensitive Belousov-Zhabotinsky excitable medium, using the modified Oregonator reaction-diffusion equations.

Identifying latent tuberculosis in high-risk populations: systematic review and meta-analysis of test accuracy.

The relative accuracy of interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) and the tuberculin skin test (TST) in identifying latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is uncertain. To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the sensitivity and specificity of IGRAs and TST for the prediction of progression to clinical tuberculosis (TB). We searched electronic databases (e.

Comparison of health technology assessment for new medicines in France and England: an example based on ixazomib for patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma.

: The appraisal of medicines is often a complex and iterative process. We compared the health technology assessment (HTA) process in England and France taking as a case study the example of ixazomib for multiple myeloma. : We undertook an analysis of eight relevant published documents identifed from the websites of the French and English HTA bodies (HAS and NICE, respectively).

Skyrmions and Clustering in Light Nuclei.

One of the outstanding problems in modern nuclear physics is to determine the properties of nuclei from the fundamental theory of the strong force, quantum chromodynamics (QCD). Skyrmions offer a novel approach to this problem by considering nuclei as solitons of a low energy effective field theory obtained from QCD. Unfortunately, the standard theory of Skyrmions has been plagued by two significant problems: (1) It yields nuclear binding energies that are an order of magnitude larger than experimental nuclear data, and (2) it predicts intrinsic shapes for nuclei that fail to match the clustering structure of light nuclei.

A randomised controlled trial of the impact of structured written and verbal advice by community pharmacists on improving hypertension education and control in patients with high blood pressure.

Purpose: This study was aimed to determine whether structured written and verbal education provided to patients by community pharmacists about high blood pressure (BP) and its treatment would be (a) better retained and (b) be associated with improved BP control as compared to patients receiving verbal advice only.

Methods: The study was designed as a randomised controlled trial and was conducted in the West Midlands, UK, between January 2014 and June 2014. The primary outcome measures were differences in systolic and diastolic BP from baseline and retention of information about high BP assessed with a questionnaire at 2-, 4- and 26-week follow-up points.

Effectiveness and impact of networked communication interventions in young people with mental health conditions: A rapid review.

Objective: To describe the latest evidence of effectiveness and impact of networked communication interventions for young people with mental health conditions.

Methods: Searching five databases from 2009 onwards, we included studies of any design investigating two-way communication interventions for the treatment of young people (mean age 12-25) with a chronic mental health disorder. The data were synthesised using narrative summary.

Short- and long-term clinical outcomes of use of beta-interferon or glatiramer acetate for people with clinically isolated syndrome: a systematic review of randomised controlled trials and network meta-analysis.

Background: Beta-interferon (IFN-β) and glatiramer acetate (GA) have been evaluated in people with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS) with the aim to delay a second clinical attack and a diagnosis of clinically definite multiple sclerosis (CDMS). We systematically reviewed trials evaluating the short- and long-term clinical effectiveness of these drugs in CIS.

Methods: We searched multiple electronic databases.

Length of excitable knots.

In this paper, we present extensive numerical simulations of an excitable medium to study the long-term dynamics of knotted vortex strings for all torus knots up to crossing number 11. We demonstrate that FitzHugh-Nagumo evolution preserves the knot topology for all the examples presented, thereby providing a field theory approach to the study of knots. Furthermore, the evolution yields a well-defined minimal length for each knot that is comparable to the ropelength of ideal knots.

Digital Clinical Communication for Families and Caregivers of Children or Young People With Short- or Long-Term Conditions: Rapid Review.

Background: The communication relationship between parents of children or young people with health conditions and health professionals is an important part of treatment, but it is unclear how far the use of digital clinical communication tools may affect this relationship.

Objective: The objective of our study was to describe, assess the feasibility of, and explore the impact of digital clinical communication between families or caregivers and health professionals.

Methods: We searched the literature using 5 electronic databases.

Barriers to reporting of adverse drugs reactions: a cross sectional study among community pharmacists in United Kingdom.

Background: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are a major public health problem. Prompt reporting of suspected ADRs is fundamental in the post-marketing surveillance of medicines and helps in ensuring medicine safety. However, fewer ADRs are reported in general and in particular by community pharmacists.

Evaluation of pre-symptomatic nitisinone treatment on long-term outcomes in Tyrosinemia type 1 patients: a systematic review.

Background: Tyrosinemia type 1 (TYR1) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of amino acid metabolism that is fatal without treatment. With medication (nitisinone) and dietary restrictions outcomes are improved. We conducted a systematic review to investigate if treatment with nitisinone following screening provides better long-term outcomes than treatment with nitisinone following symptomatic detection.

Comparison of a full systematic review versus rapid review approaches to assess a newborn screening test for tyrosinemia type 1.

Background: Rapid reviews are increasingly used to replace/complement systematic reviews to support evidence-based decision-making. Little is known about how this expedited process affects results.

Objectives: To assess differences between rapid and systematic review approaches for a case study of test accuracy of succinylacetone for detecting tyrosinemia type 1.

Test accuracy of drug and antibody assays for predicting response to antitumour necrosis factor treatment in Crohn's disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To present meta-analytic test accuracy estimates of levels of antitumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) and antibodies to anti-TNF to predict loss of response or lack of regaining response in patients with anti-TNF managed Crohn's disease.

Methods: MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Science Citation Index were searched from inception to October/November 2014 to identify studies which reported 2×2 table data of the association between levels of anti-TNF or its antibodies and clinical status. Hierarchical/bivariate meta-analysis was undertaken with the user-written 'metandi' package of Harbord and Whiting using Stata V.

Skyrmion Knots in Frustrated Magnets.

A magnetic Skyrmion is a stable two-dimensional nanoparticle describing a localized winding of the magnetization in certain magnetic materials. Skyrmions are the subject of intense experimental and theoretical investigation and have potential technological spintronic applications. Here we show that numerical computations of frustrated magnets predict that Skyrmions can be tied into knots to form new stable three-dimensional nanoparticles.