An emerging fungal disease is spreading across the globe and affecting the blueberry industry.

Powdery mildew is an economically important disease caused by c. 1000 different fungal species. Erysiphe vaccinii is an emerging powdery mildew species that is impacting the blueberry industry.

Evolutionary dependence of host type and chasmothecial appendage morphology in obligate plant parasites belonging to Erysipheae (powdery mildew, Erysiphaceae).

Evolutionary relationships between the morphological and ecological traits of fungi are poorly understood. The appendages of chasmothecia, which are sexual reproductive organs of Erysiphaceae, are considered to play a crucial role in the overwintering strategies of these fungi on host plants. Previous studies suggested that both the host type and appendage morphology evolved at the same nodes and transitioned from complex appendages on deciduous hosts to simple appendages on herb/evergreen hosts.

Beyond Nuclear Ribosomal DNA Sequences: Evolution, Taxonomy, and Closest Known Saprobic Relatives of Powdery Mildew Fungi () Inferred From Their First Comprehensive Genome-Scale Phylogenetic Analyses.

Powdery mildew fungi (), common obligate biotrophic pathogens of many plants, including important agricultural and horticultural crops, represent a monophyletic lineage within the . Within the , molecular phylogenetic relationships and DNA-based species and genera delimitations were up to now mostly based on nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA) phylogenies. This is the first comprehensive genome-scale phylogenetic analysis of this group using 751 single-copy orthologous sequences extracted from 24 selected powdery mildew genomes and 14 additional genomes from , the fungal order that includes the .

Evolutionary patterns of host type and chasmothecial appendage morphology in obligate plant parasites belonging to Cystotheceae (powdery mildew, Erysiphaceae).

The chasmothecial appendages of Erysiphaceae are considered to function in the overwintering strategy and evolve morphologically in line with transitions of different host type. However, the evolutionary patterns and relationships of these traits have not yet been verified using statistical models based on phylogenetic information. We aimed to clarify the evolutionary process of host type and appendage morphology in Cystotheceae using phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) and to evaluate the evolutionary relationship of these traits.

First Draft Genome Assemblies of and , Two Tree-Parasitic Powdery Mildew Fungi with Hemiendophytic Mycelia.

Powdery mildew fungi (Erysiphaceae) are widespread obligate biotrophic plant pathogens. Thus, applying genetic and omics approaches to study these fungi remains a major challenge, particularly for species with hemiendophytic mycelium. These belong to a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the family Erysiphaceae.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of species (powdery mildew: ) occurring on the ash trees ( spp.).

The genus (), known as ash trees, currently comprises 43 recognized species that are distributed in temperate and subtropical regions of the Northern Hemisphere. Two species, and , have been known on spp. so far.

Taxonomic revision of based on multi-gene DNA sequences, host preferences and morphology.

A taxonomic revision of the hitherto monotypic genus was conducted incorporating multi-gene sequence analyses, host preference data and morphological criteria. The sequenced loci included rDNA ITS, partial chitin synthase gene (1), as well as fragments of two unnamed orthologous genes (, ). The combined evidence led to a reassessment and a new neotypification of s.

Two new records of powdery mildews () from Japan: sp. nov. and sp. on .

on is described based on morphological and molecular data. is distinguished from var. by having irregularly to dichotomously branched chasmothecial appendages, larger chasmothecia sizes and numbers of asci per chasmothecium.

Ampelomyces strains isolated from diverse powdery mildew hosts in Japan: Their phylogeny and mycoparasitic activity, including timing and quantifying mycoparasitism of Pseudoidium neolycopersici on tomato.

A total of 26 Ampelomyces strains were isolated from mycelia of six different powdery mildew species that naturally infected their host plants in Japan. These were characterized based on morphological characteristics and sequences of ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (rDNA-ITS) regions and actin gene (ACT) fragments. Collected strains represented six different genotypes and were accommodated in three different clades of the genus Ampelomyces.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of species (powdery mildew: ) occurring on the ash trees ( spp.).

The genus (), known as ash trees, currently comprises 43 recognized species that are distributed in temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere. Two (sect. ) species have been known on spp.

Australia: A Continent Without Native Powdery Mildews? The First Comprehensive Catalog Indicates Recent Introductions and Multiple Host Range Expansion Events, and Leads to the Re-discovery of as a New Lineage of the Erysiphales.

In contrast to Eurasia and North America, powdery mildews (Ascomycota, Erysiphales) are understudied in Australia. There are over 900 species known globally, with fewer than currently 60 recorded from Australia. Some of the Australian records are doubtful as the identifications were presumptive, being based on host plant-pathogen lists from overseas.

Phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildew on species.

The phylogeny and taxonomy of powdery mildew on species is evaluated and discussed. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses revealed two new species and demonstrated that and should be reduced to synonymy and are referred to herein as . The two new species, and , previously hidden under (including ), is described on the basis of European, North American, and East Asian powdery mildew collections on var.

Multi-locus phylogeny and taxonomy of an unresolved, heterogeneous species complex within the genus Golovinomyces (Ascomycota, Erysiphales), including G. ambrosiae, G. circumfusus and G. spadiceus.

Background: Previous phylogenetic analyses of species within the genus Golovinomyces (Ascomycota, Erysiphales), based on ITS and 28S rDNA sequence data, revealed a co-evolutionary relationship between powdery mildew species and hosts of certain tribes of the plant family Asteraceae. Golovinomyces growing on host plants belonging to the Heliantheae formed a single lineage, comprised of a morphologically differentiated complex of species, which included G. ambrosiae, G.

Morphophylogenetic analyses revealed that constitutes a species complex.

(s. lat.) is a powdery mildew species occurring on a wide range of spp.

The Draft Genome Provides Insights into Patterns of Gene Erosion and Genome Expansion in Powdery Mildew Fungi.

Due to their comparatively small genome size and short generation time, fungi are exquisite model systems to study eukaryotic genome evolution. Powdery mildew fungi present an exceptional case because of their strict host dependency (termed obligate biotrophy) and the atypical size of their genomes (>100 Mb). This size expansion is largely due to the pervasiveness of transposable elements on 70% of the genome and is associated with the loss of multiple conserved ascomycete genes required for a free-living lifestyle.

Deciphering the biology of Cryptophyllachora eurasiatica gen. et sp. nov., an often cryptic pathogen of an allergenic weed, Ambrosia artemisiifolia.

A little known, unculturable ascomycete, referred to as Phyllachora ambrosiae, can destroy the inflorescences of Ambrosia artemisiifolia, an invasive agricultural weed and producer of highly allergenic pollen. The fungus often remains undetectable in ragweed populations. This work was conducted to understand its origin and pathogenesis, a prerequisite to consider its potential as a biocontrol agent.

Powdery mildew of Chrysanthemum × morifolium: phylogeny and taxonomy in the context of Golovinomyces species on Asteraceae hosts.

The taxonomic history of the common powdery mildew of Chrysanthemum × morifolium (chrysanthemum, florist's daisy), originally described in Germany as Oidium chrysanthemi, is discussed. The position of O. chrysanthemi was investigated on the basis of morphological traits and molecular phylogenetic analyses.

Splenic Involvement in Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia.

A 33-year-old man who presented with prolonged epigastric pain was referred to our hospital. He had experienced recurrent epistaxis and had a family history of hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed splenomegaly and a 9 cm hypervascular mass in his spleen.

Early evolution of endoparasitic group in powdery mildews: molecular phylogeny suggests missing link between Phyllactinia and Leveillula.

Of the 17 genera of the Erysiphaceae, only four genera (viz. Leveillula, Phyllactinia, Pleochaeta and Queirozia) exhibit (partly) endoparasitism. To investigate early evolution of this endoparasitic nature, we performed molecular phylogenetic analyses of powdery mildews belonging to the tribe Phyllactinieae collected in North and South America.

First comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus Erysiphe (Erysiphales, Erysiphaceae) II: the Uncinula lineage.

Phylogenetic relationships of the Uncinula lineage, which is the basal group in the genus Erysiphe, were investigated with 167 sequences of nuc ITS1-5. 8S-ITS2 and the 28S rDNA regions. Backbone tree analyses with six datasets and two tree-constructing methods revealed that the Uncinula lineage is divided into seven distinct clades.

Reduction en masse can be treated using pure laparoscopic transabdominal preperitoneal hernioplasty following early CT diagnosis: report of a case.

Reduction en masse refers to the rare occurrence of an incarcerated inguinal hernia arising from the manual reduction of a hernia. Such a condition constitutes a medical emergency because the hernia contents, such as the small bowel, remain strangulated in the preperitoneal space. Therefore, an early and accurate diagnosis, with early treatment, is important.

First comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the genus Erysiphe (Erysiphales, Erysiphaceae) I. The Microsphaera lineage.

The genus Erysiphe (including powdery mildew fungi only known as anamorph, Pseudoidium) is the largest genus in the Erysiphaceae and contains more than 50% of all species in this family. Little is known about the phylogenetic structure of this genus. We conducted a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of the Microsphaera-lineage, a monophyletic group including species of sects.

[A case of pathologically complete response of local recurrence in the mesorectum after multidisciplinary therapy].

The patient was a 68-year-old man who had undergone sigmoidectomy 1 year previously. Adjuvant therapy with tegafur- uraci(l UFT) and Leucovorin( UZEL) was administered. Seven months later, the carcinoembryonic antigen( CEA) level increased to 7.

A case of spontaneous ruptured solid pseudopapillary tumor of pancreas resected by laparoscopic surgery.

Solid pseudopapillary tumor (SPT) is an uncommon neoplasm of the pancreas. A rare case of spontaneous rupture of SPT is reported. A 13-year-old female felt acute abdominal pain without blunt abdominal trauma.