Anti-tumor effect of proteasome inhibitor on canine urothelial carcinoma.

Canine urothelial carcinoma (cUC) is one of the most malignant tumors affecting dogs; however, its proliferative mechanism is yet to be fully elucidated. The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an important metabolic pathway regulating protein degradation, and its dysfunction leads to apoptosis. We investigated the antitumor effect of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which blocks the UPS.

Effects of trastuzumab emtansine on canine urothelial carcinoma cells in vitro and in vivo.

Urothelial carcinoma (UC) is the most common malignancy of the urinary tract in dogs and has aggressive behaviour. Although human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a known therapeutic target with evidence in canine UC, the efficacy of anti-HER2 antibody drugs remains unknown. This study aimed to investigate the effects of anti-HER2 antibody drugs including trastuzumab and trastuzumab emtansine (T-DM1) on canine UC cell lines in vitro and in vivo.

Podoplanin promotes cell proliferation, survival, and migration of canine non-tonsillar squamous cell carcinoma.

Podoplanin (PDPN) is a prognostic factor and is involved in several mechanisms of tumor progression in human squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Canine non-tonsillar SCC (NTSCC) is a common oral tumor in dogs and has a highly invasive characteristic. In this study, we investigated the function of PDPN in canine NTSCC.

Podoplanin Drives Amoeboid Invasion in Canine and Human Mucosal Melanoma.

Unlabelled: Mucosal melanoma metastasizes at an early stage of the disease in human and dog. We revealed that overexpression of podoplanin in tumor invasion fronts (IF) was related to poor prognosis of dogs with mucosal melanoma. Moreover, podoplanin expressed in canine mucosal melanoma cells promotes proliferation and aggressive amoeboid invasion by activating Rho-associated kinase (ROCK)-myosin light chain 2 (MLC2) signaling.

Co-administration of JQ1, a bromodomain-containing protein 4 inhibitor, enhances the antitumor effect of combretastatin A4, a microtubule inhibitor, while attenuating its cardiotoxicity.

Combretastatin A4 (CA4) inhibits microtubule polymerization, and clinical trials of the prodrug, CA4 disodium phosphate (CA4DP), as an anti-cancer agent have been conducted. However, CA4DP has not been marketed to date because the margin between the effective dose and the cardiotoxic dose is insufficient. Meanwhile, bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) has been reported to be required for recovery from mitotic arrests induced by anti-microtubule drugs.

Uncooled sub-GHz spin bolometer driven by auto-oscillation.

Bolometers are rectification devices that convert electromagnetic waves into direct current voltage through a temperature change. A superconducting bolometer has a responsivity of approximately 10-10 V/W under cryogenic temperatures at infrared wavelengths; however, no devices have realized such a high responsivity in the sub-GHz frequency region. We describe a spin bolometer with a responsivity of (4.

Enhanced electric control of magnetic anisotropy via high thermal resistance capping layers in magnetic tunnel junctions.

We studied nonlinear magnetic anisotropy changes to the DC bias voltage of magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs) with capping layers of different thermal resistances. We found that increasing the thickness of MgO capping layers (in the range 0.3-0.

Effects of aging on the natural history of seasonal allergic rhinitis in middle-aged subjects in South chiba, Japan.

Background: The natural history of allergic rhinitis has been examined in a few longitudinal studies. The purpose of the study was to investigate the course, development and remission of seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR) over 10 successive years in middle-aged subjects.

Methods: An annual questionnaire survey on allergic rhinitis symptoms combined with an examination of specific IgE has been undertaken in a rural town in south Chiba since 1995.