Healthcare providers' perceived barriers to providing breastfeeding support in Northwest rural China.

Background: Healthcare providers play important roles in supporting breastfeeding. Although there has been insufficient actual breastfeeding support from healthcare providers in China, little research has been conducted to understand Chinese healthcare providers' perceived barriers to providing breastfeeding support, especially in rural China. This study aims to identify these perceived barriers to providing breastfeeding support in Northwestern rural China.

Prevalence and risk factors of active tuberculosis in patients with rheumatic diseases: a multi-center, cross-sectional study in China.

Evidence of active tuberculosis (ATB) in patients with rheumatic diseases are research priorities but limited data from China have been reported. Research targeting patients not taking anti-TNF biologics are especially insufficient. We aimed to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of ATB in this at-risk population.

Hospitalizations for peptic ulcer disease in China: Current features and outcomes.

Background And Aim: Rates and outcomes of hospitalizations for peptic ulcer disease (PUD) are unknown in mainland China. We aimed to describe characteristics and treatments of PUD inpatients in secondary and tertiary care hospitals registered in the national Health Statistics and Information Reporting System in 2015 and to explore factors related to inpatient outcomes.

Methods: We retrieved and validated PUD hospitalization data from 4441 hospitals reporting to Health Statistics and Information Reporting System in 2015.

HIV/AIDS Among Female Sex Workers in China: Epidemiology and Recent Prevention Strategies.

Purpose Of Review: This review aims to describe the epidemiology of HIV among female sex workers (FSWs) in China over the past decade, to summarize current gaps in knowledge regarding risk factors, and to identify new directions for HIV prevention strategies.

Recent Findings: We summarized national and regional levels of HIV prevalence among FSWs based on reported rates in the literature from 2008 to 2018. Studies identified cases of HIV infection among FSWs in all but one province during this time period, and demonstrated a sporadic pattern in most provinces, with a low overall national HIV prevalence below 1%.

Robust Net Magnetic Moment in Janus V-Based Nitride MXenes: Insight from First-Principles Calculations.

Two-dimensional materials with robust magnetic moments are of great interest to explore the exciting physics and applications of nanoscale spintronic devices. However, the antiferromagnetic (AFM) ground states often restrict the applications of symmetric MXenes. Herein, we proposed a kind of Janus structure for the V-based nitride MXene VN with one V layer replaced by the Ti/Cr layer.

Indigenous HIV Prevention Beliefs and Practices Among Low-Earning Chinese Sex Workers as Context for Introducing Female Condoms and Other Novel Prevention Options.

New interventions to reduce HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STI) among female sex workers are introduced into the context of women's existing prevention beliefs and practices. These indigenous practices affected implementation of our program to introduce female condoms to women in sex-work establishments in southern China. We used ethnographic field observations and in-depth interviews to document common prevention methods women reported using to protect themselves before and during intervention implementation.

Sleep quality and cognitive decline in a community of older adults in Daqing City, China.

Objectives: To examine the association between self-reported sleep quality and cognitive decline one year later.

Patients/methods: A longitudinal study of 1010 cognitively intact adults, aged 65-80 years at baseline, from two urban communities in China was performed. Sleep quality at baseline was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).

[A community-based seroepidemiological survey of hepatitis B among adults in Chaoyang district, Beijing].

Objective: To understand the positive rates of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and surface antibody (anti-HBs) among adults aged ≥18 years in communities in Chaoyang district, Beijing.

Methods: HBsAg and anti-HBs were tested with ELISA reagents for participants in the Community Diagnosis Survey (3 000 person were sampled in each community according to the age and sex distribution of the residents) in all 42 communities in Chaoyang district by Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and Chaoyang CDC. The data of 35 communities in which at least 1 000 adults were tested were analyzed.

[The Health Station of the First Inner Ward, Peiping: Its history and legacy].

The Health Station of the First Inner Ward, Peiping, was open in 1925 as a community health care institution of Peiping Health Bureau, sponsored and operated by Peking Union Medical College (PUMC) established in 1921. It was a unique demonstration project to provide the community with medical and prevention service, to implement an extraordinary educational internship of preventive medicine for PUMC students and other doctors and nurses all over the country; and to conduct applied research on the community residents'disease prevention and health promotion. Guided by the prevention thought advocated by John B.

Association between Sleep Duration, Insomnia Symptoms and Bone Mineral Density in Older Boston Puerto Rican Adults.

Objective: To examine the association between sleep patterns (sleep duration and insomnia symptoms) and total and regional bone mineral density (BMD) among older Boston Puerto Rican adults.

Materials/methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study including 750 Puerto Rican adults, aged 47-79 y living in Massachusetts. BMD at 3 hip sites and the lumbar spine were measured using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.

Multilevel dynamic systems affecting introduction of HIV/STI prevention innovations among Chinese women in sex work establishments.

Social and public health scientists are increasingly interested in applying system dynamics theory to improve understanding and to harness the forces of change within complex, multilevel systems that affect community intervention implementation, effects, and sustainability. Building a system dynamics model based on ethnographic case study has the advantage of using empirically documented contextual factors and processes of change in a real-world and real-time setting that can then be tested in the same and other settings. System dynamics modeling offers great promise for addressing persistent problems like HIV and other sexually transmitted epidemics, particularly in complex rapidly developing countries such as China.

Who are the preferential targets for intervention programs related to the female condom among sex workers in southern China?

The authors used a cluster analysis approach to investigate which female sex workers (FSW) are preferential targets for female condom (FC) intervention programs in southern China. Cross-sectional 6-month (N = 316) and 12-month (N = 217) postintervention surveys of FSW were analyzed. Based on FC attitudes and beliefs, initially suggesting FC use to a partner, practicing insertion, total times ever used, and willingness to use in the future, cluster analysis apportioned women into two clusters, with 50.

Promoting female condoms in the sex industry in 4 towns of Southern China: context matters.

Background: The female condom (FC) is an effective tool for dual protection, but it remains underused. Individual and contextual reasons need to be explored.

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare individual and contextual characteristics of FC multitime users, 1-time users, and nonusers among women in the sex industry of 4 study sites in China.

[Commentary on "group and organization: a dimension of collaboration of anthropology and epidemiology" by Song LM and Wang N].

Epidemiology, as the study of occurrence and distribution of diseases or health events in specified populations and the application of the study to control health problems, is not just a method to study determinants of diseases at individual level through analysis of mass data based on individuals. To achieve the aims on the control of health problems in specified populations, Epidemiology should be public health-oriented to reduce incidence, prevalence and mortality, and should include study on determinants at the population level. Interdisplinarity and systems science will facilitate the breakthrough in improving health of the populations.

[Relationship between gender, experience of migration and premarital sex among out-of-school youths in rural Hainan, China].

Objective: To assess pre-marital sex behavior and its relationship with gender and experience of migration among 16 - 24 years-old out-of-school youths in rural Hainan province, China.

Methods: 160 eligible youths from each of the 2 townships in County A and 80 from each of the 6 townships in County B were recruited, under equal proportion on gender, age distribution and experience of migration. An interviewer-administered, standardized questionnaire was used.

Female condom use in the rural sex industry in China: analysis of users and non-users at post-intervention surveys.

Changes in sexual attitudes and behaviors and resurgence of the sex industry in China have increased concerns about HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted infections (STI) epidemics. Little attention has been paid to the significant and growing sex industry in rural China. Promotion of barrier protection in this context is most effective to prevent STIs and pregnancy.

A life-skills-based HIV/AIDS prevention education for rural students of primary schools in China: what changed? What have we learned?

Objective: To evaluate a four-hour life-skills-based HIV/AIDS prevention curriculum among 5th grade students in rural primary schools of Hainan province.

Methods: The study included two stages. Stage one (September 2006-May 2007) was a pre-post-quasi experimental design; a total of 2,413 students aged 9 to 14 years from fifth grade classes of nine primary schools completed a baseline survey (1,720 students were in the intervention group, 693 in the control group), and over 98% of them took part in a short survey.

Challenges, strategies, and lessons learned from a participatory community intervention study to promote female condoms among rural sex workers in Southern China.

China faces a rapidly emerging HIV epidemic and nationwide resurgence of sexually transmitted infections associated with a growing sex industry. Community empowerment and capacity building through community-based participatory research partnerships show promise for developing, testing, and refining multilevel interventions suited to the local context that are effective and appropriate to address these concerns. However, such efforts are fraught with challenges, both for community collaborators and for researchers.

Acceptability of hypothetical microbicides among women in sex establishments in rural areas in Southern China.

Objectives And Goal: The objectives of this study were to measure the potential acceptability of a hypothetical microbicide among women in sex establishments in rural areas of Southern China and demographic, behavioral, and social context factors likely to affect microbicide acceptability.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional survey, using a quota sampling, among 300 women from sex establishments in 3 rural towns. An interviewer-administered standardized questionnaire was used to measure the acceptability score of hypothetical microbicides' characteristics, as well as sexual relationships and behaviors and other contextual factors.

Opportunities for woman-initiated HIV prevention methods among female sex workers in southern China.

Rapid changes in China over the past two decades have led to significant problems associated with population migration and changing social attitudes, including a growing sex industry and concurrent increases in STIs and HIV. This article reports results of an exploratory study of microbicide acceptability and readiness and current HIV prevention efforts among female sex workers in two rural and one urban town in Hainan and Guangxi Provinces in southern China. The study focused on these women's knowledge and cultural understandings of options for protecting themselves from exposure to STIs and HIV, and the potential viability and acceptability of woman-initiated prevention methods.

Working to prevent HIV/STIs among women in the sex industry in a rural town of Hainan, China.

We evaluated a two-phase HIV/STIs prevention intervention for female sex workers in a resource-limited rural town in Hainan Province, China. The primary intervention strategy, conducted from 1997 to 2000, was a condom promotion campaign conducted through outreach to sex workers. Four serial cross-sectional surveys were carried out before and after the intervention.

Self-reported symptoms of reproductive tract infections among rural women in Hainan, China: prevalence rates and risk factors.

Objectives And Goal: The goal of this study was to examine risk of reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among women in rural China, including prevalence, influence of sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge, hygienic practices, attitudes, and behaviors related to premarital and extramarital sex, and abortion.

Study: During 2000, a stratified cluster sample of 606 rural married women in Hainan province completed an interviewer-administered standardized questionnaire.

Results: Overall, 39% of participants reported at least 1 RTI symptom in their lifetime and 20% during the past 6 months.

[A questionnaire-based survey on attitude and behavior of sex among rural women in Hainan province].

Objective: To define the profile and risk factors of sexual attitude and behavior of rural women.

Methods: Using stratified cluster sampling, tape-recorded interviews and face to face interviews were carried out among 606 rural women.

Results: 24.

Sex-related health risks and implications for interventions with hospitality women in Hainan, China.

This article describes the living situations of sex workers (hospitality girls) in a typical rural town in southern China; their personal, social, financial, and psychological needs and expectations; and the social and economic factors that place them at risk for STIs/HIV and unwanted pregnancy, based on the qualitative and quantitative data collected prior to and during a preventive intervention. Though some similarities to knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of sex workers reported in other Asian countries were identified, this study identified some differences distinctive to the China context, such as how economic factors, kinship, and friendship networks function in the service industry, and how the culture of reproduction and birth control policy interact with and affect sex workers' health and decision-making options. Understanding these factors is critical for design of a culturally and contextually tailored intervention for the reduction of sex-related health risks of women in the sex service industry.