Nonlinear optical phase shift in blood plasmas for neoplasia diagnosis.

Detecting cancer at an early stage is crucial for timely treatment and better chances of survival. This research focuses on a scanning method for detecting cancer by examining the nonlinear optical characteristics of blood plasma samples. The study used both cancerous and noncancerous plasma samples and presented the results statistically by utilizing an incident laser power-dependent nonlinear optical phase shift variable called ζ in the Z-scan technique.

A comparative study between the outcomes of visual internal urethrotomy for short segment anterior urethral strictures done under spinal anesthesia and local anesthesia.

Objective: This study is a randomized controlled study comparing the effectiveness and outcomes of direct visual inter urethrotomy (DVIU) for short segment anterior urethral strictures performed under local anesthesia versus spinal anesthesia.

Material And Methods: Patients presenting with an anterior urethral stricture up to 2 cm were randomized into two interventional groups: Group I-DVIU done under spinal anesthesia and Group II-DVIU performed under local anesthesia. Procedural discomfort was analyzed with a visual analog scale (VAS) immediately postoperatively and after one hour of the procedure.

Superwavelength, wavelength, and subwavelength laser-induced periodic surface structures on zinc and their energy-dispersive x-ray analysis.

In this work, we demonstrated simultaneous generation of three types of laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs) on a metal surface by processing Zn with a linearly polarized femtosecond laser pulse of 100 fs duration at a wavelength of 800 nm. In the center of the laser-processed region (a line), the period was found to be as high as 1470 nm (superwavelength LIPSS), whereas at the outer region, the LIPSS period was found to be as small as 200 nm (subwavelength LIPSS). In between these two regions, the LIPSSs were found to have period of 800 nm (wavelength LIPSS).

Distraction during cystoscopy to reduce pain and increase satisfaction: Randomized control study between real-time visualization versus listening to music versus combined music and real-time visualization.

Purpose: This study aims to compare the various distraction methods used during office cystoscopy to decrease pain and dissatisfaction among patients.

Materials And Methods: Two hundred patients undergoing rigid cystoscopy between January 2017 and July 2017 were randomized into four groups of 50 patients: (1) Group I: Patients who listened to music during the cystoscopy, (2) Group II: Patients allowed real-time visualization of the cystoscopy, (3) Group III: Patients who listened to music and had real-time visualization of the procedure, (4) Group IV: Control group undergoing cystoscopy without any distraction used. A visual analog scale (VAS) (1-10) was used for a self-assessment of pain, satisfaction, and willingness for repeat cystoscopy.

Total tubeless ultra-mini supine percutaneous nephrolithotomy: A feasibility study.

Objective: The ultra-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for treating low-volume renal nephrolithiasis is being used as an alternative modality to the conventional PCNL. However its use in the supine position has been scarcely reported.

Material And Methods: Patients who underwent ultra-mini PCNL in the supine position within the time frame of January 2017 to July 2017 were studied.

Is urodynamic study is a necessity for evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms in postmenopausal female patients? Result of a prospective observational study.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the causes of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in postmenopausal female patients (PMFP) and correlate their symptoms with their urodynamic study (UDS) findings.

Materials And Methods: A prospective observational study analyzing the clinical and UDS findings of PMFP presenting with LUTS. A detailed history including history of diabetes, neurological disease, drug history, and pelvic surgeries was taken, followed by physical examination and urodynamic assessment.

Acute leukemia masquerading as xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis.

An 82-year-old man presented with high-grade fever, left flank pain with dysuria. Urine culture revealed the growth of . Contrast-enhanced computed tomography features were suggestive of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis (XPN) of the left kidney.

Clinical and Neuroradiological Spectrum of Metronidazole Induced Encephalopathy: Our Experience and the Review of Literature.

Metronidazole is an antimicrobial agent mainly used in the treatment of several protozoal and anaerobic infections, additionally, is often used in hepatic encephalopathy and Crohn disease. Apart from peripheral neuropathy, metronidazole can also cause symptoms of central nervous system dysfunction like ataxic gait, dysarthria, seizures, and encephalopathy which may result from both short term and chronic use of this drug and is collectively termed as "metronidazole induced encephalopathy"(MIE). Neuroimaging forms the backbone in clinching the diagnosis of this uncommon entity, especially in cases where there is high index of suspicion of intoxication.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia presenting with peri-ocular swelling.

Angiolymphoid hyperplasia with eosinophilia and Kimura's disease share many clinical and histological features. Although they were once considered different stages of the same disease, they are now known to represent separate entities. Here a case is reported in a 14-year-old girl who presented with bilaterally symmetrical gradually progressive peri-ocular swelling involving both upper and lower eyelids of two months' duration.

Pulsatile scalp swelling.

Metastasis from follicular carcinoma is usually blood-borne. Here, we present a case of skull metastasis with intracranial extension presenting as a pulsatile scalp swelling from the follicular thyroid carcinoma.

Evaluating the role of flupirtine for postcraniotomy pain and compare it with diclofenac sodium: a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study.

Background: Patients undergoing craniotomy, experience moderate to severe pain in postoperative period. Flupirtine does not have side effects like sedation and increase postoperative bleeding, so it may be a useful analgesic in neurosurgical patients. We designed this prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo-controlled study to evaluate the role of flupirtine for postcraniotomy pain and compare it with diclofenac sodium.

Primary cold agglutinin disease: a case report.

Chronic cold agglutinin disease is a subgroup of auto-immune haemolytic anaemia. Primary cold agglutinin disease has traditionally been defined by the absence of any underlying or associated disease. It usually affects elderly.

A patient with recurrent attacks of drowsiness and lethargy--a diagnosis not to be missed.

Polyglandular auto-immune syndromes are uncommon constellation of organ specific auto-immune diseases, characterised by the existence of two or more endocrinopathies. Polyglandular autoimmune type II syndrome also known as Schmidt's syndrome is more common, comprising Addison's disease, auto-immune thyroid disease, type 1 diabetes mellitus and/or hypogonadism, pernicious anaemia, coeliac disease, vitiligo, hypophysitis, etc. Here a case of a 56-year-old man is reported with a prior history of hypothyroidism who presented with adrenal crisis.

Gitelman's syndrome presenting with hypocalcaemia, basal ganglia calcification and periodic paralysis.

Gitelman's syndrome (GS), also referred to as familial hypokalaemia-hypomagnesaemia syndrome, is an autosomal recessive renal tubular disorder characterised by hypokalaemic metabolic alkalosis, hypomagnesaemia and hypocalciuria. It is caused by a defect of the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride co-transporter at the distal tubule. This condition was previously confused with Bartter syndrome.

Chronic portal vein thrombosis due to combined deficiency of protein C and protein S.

Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a rare disorder that is associated with a variety of underlying condition of which liver cirrhosis, malignancy and myeloproliferative disorders are the most common. It is of two types, acute and chronic portal vein thrombosis. Anticoagulation therapy is recommended for all patients with acute portal vein thrombosis.

Reconfigurable wavefront sensor for ultrashort pulses.

A highly flexible Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor for ultrashort pulse diagnostics is presented. The temporal system performance is studied in detail. Reflective operation is enabled by programming tilt-tolerant microaxicons into a liquid-crystal-on-silicon spatial light modulator.

Highly efficient THG in TiO2 nanolayers for third-order pulse characterization.

Third harmonic generation (THG) of femtosecond laser pulses in sputtered nanocrystalline TiO2 thin films is investigated. Using layers of graded thickness, the dependence of THG on the film parameters is studied. The maximum THG signal is observed at a thickness of 180 nm.

Clinicopathological profile of renal changes in systemic lupus erythematosus.

A study was done on 30 patients admitted in the department of medicine, RG Kar MCH to know the incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients and among them whether there were any cases of renal involvement, time of onset of clinicopathological features of renal involvement and renal changes if already been started in them who had no renal problem clinically. The cases were selected on the basic of revised ARA criteria. Total clinical examination and biochemical tests were done followed by renal biopsy in 28 cases.

Extended-area nanostructuring of TiO2 with femtosecond laser pulses at 400 nm using a line focus.

An efficient way to generate nanoscale laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS) in rutile-type TiO(2) with frequency-converted femtosecond laser pulses at wavelengths around 400 nm is reported. Extended-area structuring on fixed and moving substrates was obtained by exploiting the line focus of a cylindrical lens. Under defined conditions with respect to pulse number, pulse energy and scanning velocity, two types of ripple-like LIPSS with high and low spatial frequencies (HSFL, LSFL) with periods in the range of 90 nm and 340 nm, respectively, were formed.

Hydrogen-bond-induced microstructural transition of ionic micelles in the presence of neutral naphthols: pH dependent morphology and location of surface activity.

The effect of naphthols and methoxynaphthalenes on the microstructure transition of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) micelles is studied. Although the surface activities of these two types of organic dopants are strong, methoxynaphthalenes failed to promote spherical to worm-like micellar transition and to impart viscoelasticity to the aqueous CTAB solution, presumably due to their inability to form unique H-bonds with interfacial water. The micropolarity of OH sites of micelle-embedded naphthols is measured by observing the pK(a) shift at the micellar surface relative to bulk water.

Nonlinearly coupled, gain-switched Nd:YAG second harmonic laser with variable pulse width.

An all-solid-state, gain-switched, green laser is developed using a side diode-array pumped Nd:YAG laser and a KTiOPO(4) (KTP) crystal as an intracavity frequency doubler. The effect of nonlinear coupling on the pulse width of the fundamental is studied and is found to be in good agreement with the experimental measurement. In this preliminary experiment, a peak power of 40 W at 532 nm corresponding to a pulse width of 409 ns is obtained for an average pump power of 2 W.

Micellar shape transition under dilute salt-free conditions: promotion and self-fluorescence monitoring of stimuli-responsive viscoelasticity by 1- and 2-naphthols.

Effect of 1 and 2-naphthols on the shape transition of cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) micelles are studied. Stimuli-responsive viscoelastic gels of long wormlike micelles are formed at low surfactant concentrations in the presence of neutral naphthols, where H-bonding plays a key role in micellar shape transition in the absence of any charge screening. Micelle-embedded naphthols also act as novel self-fluorescence probes for monitoring viscoelasticity of the system as a function of applied shear.

Lanthanum biosorption by a Pseudomonas sp.: equilibrium studies and chemical characterization.

Lanthanum biosorption by a Pseudomonas sp. was characterized in terms of equilibrium metal loading, model fitting, kinetics, effect of solution pH, lanthanum-bacteria interaction mechanism and recovery of sorbed metal. Lanthanum sorption by the bacterium was rapid and optimum at pH 5.

Computational modelling of multiscale morphologies in polymer-liquid crystal blends.

Simulations of material architectures in polymer-liquid crystal blends driven by phase separation-phase ordering-texturing processes are presented. The study shows that mixtures of polymers and liquid crystals result in blend morphologies that organize at several scales. For thermally driven instabilities, morphologies of polymer droplets embedded in a liquid crystal matrix show colloidal crystallinity.