Parental Mental Illness and the Likelihood of Child Out-of-Home Care: A Cohort Study.

Objectives: To detail the relationship between parental mental illness and the likelihood of out-of-home care (OHC) among their children, and to identify factors which modify this relationship.

Methods: Using Swedish national registers, children born in 2000 to 2011 (n = 1 249 463) were linked to their parents. Time-dependent parental mental illness (nonaffective and affective psychosis, substance misuse, depression, anxiety and stress, eating disorders, personality disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism, and intellectual disability), was identified through International Classification of Diseases codes.

Prevention of Childhood Adversities and Children's Common Mental Disorders and School Grades.

Importance: Adversity during childhood can limit children's chances of achieving their optimal developmental and psychological outcomes. Well-designed observational studies might help identify adversities that are most implicated in this, thereby helping to identify potential targets for developing interventions.

Objective: To compare the association between preventing childhood poverty, parental mental illness and parental separation, and the population rate of offspring common mental disorders (ages 16-21 years) or average school grades (age 16 years).

Association between parental mental illness and autoimmune diseases in the offspring - A nationwide register-based cohort study in Sweden.

Mental illness has been previously linked with autoimmune diseases, yet the associations between parental mental illness and offspring's risk of autoimmune diseases is largely unknown. We conducted a population-based cohort study of 2,192,490 Swedish children born between 1991 and 2011 and their parents to determine the associations between parental mental illness and risk of autoimmune diseases among the offspring. Time-dependent diagnoses of parental mental illness (psychosis, alcohol/drug misuse, depression, anxiety, eating disorders, personality disorders, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder) and offspring autoimmune diseases (type 1 diabetes (T1D), juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), systemic lupus erythematosus, psoriasis, multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), coeliac disease) were identified from inpatient/outpatient healthcare visits.

Prevalence of parental mental illness and association with socioeconomic adversity among children in Sweden between 2006 and 2016: a population-based cohort study.

Background: Children of parents with mental illness are a vulnerable group, but their numbers and their exposure to adversity have rarely been examined. We examined the prevalence of children with parents with mental illness in Sweden, trends in prevalence from 2006 to 2016, and these children's exposure to socioeconomic adversity.

Methods: We did a population-based cohort study among all children (aged <18 years) born in Sweden between Jan 1, 1991, and Dec 31, 2011, and their parents, followed up between Jan 1, 2006, and Dec 31, 2016.

Association between maternal and paternal mental illness and risk of injuries in children and adolescents: nationwide register based cohort study in Sweden.

Objective: To determine the association between parental mental illness and the risk of injuries among offspring.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Swedish population based registers.

Validation study of randomly selected cases of PTSD diagnoses identified in a Swedish regional database compared with medical records: is the validity sufficient for epidemiological research?

Objectives: In Sweden, the patients' diagnoses are recorded in administrative registers. The research value of these registers is determined by their diagnostic validity, that is, if the diagnosis recorded meets the relevant diagnostic criteria. The aim of the study was to assess the validity of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)-diagnoses as compared with case notes in medical records (MRs) and to test if there was a difference in validity by gender, migration status and those with and without psychotic symptoms.

Association of Hydroxylmethyl Glutaryl Coenzyme A Reductase Inhibitors, L-Type Calcium Channel Antagonists, and Biguanides With Rates of Psychiatric Hospitalization and Self-Harm in Individuals With Serious Mental Illness.

Importance: Drug repurposing is potentially cost-effective, low risk, and necessary in psychiatric drug development. The availability of large, routine data sets provides the opportunity to evaluate the potential for currently used medication to benefit people with serious mental illness (SMI).

Objective: To determine whether hydroxylmethyl glutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (HMG-CoA RIs), L-type calcium channel (LTCC) antagonists, and biguanides are associated with reduced psychiatric hospitalization and self-harm in individuals with SMI.

Thirty-year trends in dementia: a nationwide population study of Swedish inpatient records.

Background: The continuous growth of the current dementia epidemic is contingent on the stability of age- and sex-specific trends over time. However, recent evidence suggests declining or stable trends. The aim of this study was to evaluate the real-world changes in the burden of dementia in older adults in Sweden from 1987 to 2016 by estimating age- and sex-specific incidence of dementia diagnosis in hospital inpatient records (dementia incidence).

Gestational age at birth and academic performance: population-based cohort study.

Background: Numerous studies suggest pre-term birth is associated with cognitive deficit. However, less is known about cognitive outcomes following post-term birth, or the influence of weight variations within term or post-term populations. We examined associations between gestational age (GA) and school performance, by weight-for-GA, focusing on extremely pre- and post-term births.

Perinatal Exposure to Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Background: Studies from the United States indicate that exposure to air pollution in early life is associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) in children, but the evidence is not consistent with European data.

Objective: We aimed to investigate the association between exposure to air pollution from road traffic and the risk of ASD in children, with careful adjustment for socioeconomic and other confounders.

Method: Children born and residing in Stockholm, Sweden, during 1993-2007 with an ASD diagnosis were identified through multiple health registers and classified as cases (n = 5,136).

Sick Leave and Work Participation Among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in the Stockholm Youth Cohort: A Register Linkage Study in Stockholm, Sweden.

This population-based register study explored the association between having a child with/without autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and parental sick leave and work participation. Parents of children with ASD living in Stockholm, Sweden in 2006 were more likely to be on sick leave, not in the labor force, or earning low income when compared to parents who did not have a child with ASD and these results remained after adjusting for familial socioeconomic factors and parental psychiatric care. Sick leave among parents was associated with having a child with ASD without intellectual disability (ID) but not ASD with ID.

Advancing paternal age and schizophrenia: the impact of delayed fatherhood.

Objective: It is well known that advancing paternal age is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia in offspring, but the mechanism behind this association remains unknown. This study investigates if delayed fatherhood rather than advancing paternal age per se might explain the increased risk of schizophrenia in offspring associated with advancing paternal age.

Methods: This is a register-based study of the Swedish population looking at people born 1955-1985 who have 1 or 2 siblings (n = 2 589 502).

Decline in cognitive performance between ages 13 and 18 years and the risk for psychosis in adulthood: a Swedish longitudinal cohort study in males.

Context: Clear evidence from many prospective, population-based studies indicates that patients who develop psychosis in adulthood experienced various cognitive deficits during childhood and adolescence. However, it is unclear whether these deficits become more severe during adolescence.

Objective: To assess the influence of cognitive developmental trajectories in adolescence and young adulthood on the risk for psychosis in adulthood.

Adoptive paternal age and risk of psychosis in adoptees: a register based cohort study.

The association between advancing paternal age and increased risk of schizophrenia in the off-spring is well established. The underlying mechanisms are unknown. In order to investigate whether the psychosocial environment associated with growing up with an aged father explains the increased risk we conducted a study of all adoptive children in Sweden from 1955-1985 (n =31 188).

Maternal antibodies to infectious agents and risk for non-affective psychoses in the offspring--a matched case-control study.

Background: An increasing number of studies suggest that certain maternal infections are associated with non-affective psychoses in the offspring. Here we investigated if maternal exposure to Toxoplasma gondii, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) or type 2 (HSV-2) prior to delivery was associated with future diagnosis of schizophrenia or other non-affective psychoses in the offspring.

Methods: This case-control study included 198 individuals born in Sweden 1975-85, diagnosed with schizophrenia (ICD-10, F20) and other non-affective psychoses (ICD-10, F21-29) as in- or outpatients, and 524 matched controls.

Prenatal stress and risk of asthma hospitalization in the offspring: a Swedish population-based study.

Objective: Recent research suggested that maternal stress and anxiety increase the risk of asthma and eczema in the offspring. In this study, we aimed to study whether maternal exposure to death of a spouse or a child is associated with risk of asthma hospitalization in the offspring using a very large population-based cohort.

Methods: In a cohort of 3.

Maternal antibodies to dietary antigens and risk for nonaffective psychosis in offspring.

Objective: The authors analyzed archival dried blood spots obtained from newborns to assess whether levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) directed at dietary antigens were associated with a later diagnosis of a nonaffective psychotic disorder.

Method: The study population consisted of individuals born in Sweden between 1975 and 1985 with verified register-based diagnoses of nonaffective psychoses made between 1987 and 2003 and comparison subjects matched on sex, date of birth, birth hospital, and municipality. A total of 211 case subjects and 553 comparison subjects consented to participate in the study.

Birth weight, schizophrenia, and adult mental disorder: is risk confined to the smallest babies?

Context: Studies linking birth weight and mental illness onset are inconclusive. They have primarily focused on the World Health Organization low birth weight threshold (2500 g) and schizophrenia. To our knowledge, low birth weight per se has not been conclusively linked with schizophrenia risk and specificity of the effect to birth weight below the standard threshold or to particular psychiatric diagnoses has not been demonstrated.

Social risk or genetic liability for psychosis? A study of children born in Sweden and reared by adoptive parents.

Objective: Recent studies suggest a role for social factors during childhood in the later development of schizophrenia. Since social conditions in childhood are closely related to parental psychiatric illness, there is a need to disentangle how genes and social environmental factors interact.

Method: A total of 13,163 children born in Sweden between 1955 and 1984 and reared in Swedish adoptive families were linked to the National Patient Register until 2006 regarding admissions for non-affective psychoses, including schizophrenia.

Influence of environmental factors in higher risk of sudden infant death syndrome linked with parental mental illness.

Context: Since national risk reduction campaigns have been conducted, sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has become increasingly concentrated among disadvantaged families, including those affected by mental illness. However, causal mechanisms specific to this group are poorly understood.

Objectives: To estimate relative risk and compare risk factor prevalence in infants with and without parental psychiatric inpatient history, and to explore effect modification after the 1992 Swedish risk reduction campaign.