Pentaerythrityl tetranitrate improves the outcome of children born to mothers with compromised uterine perfusion-12-months follow-up and safety data of the double-blind randomized PETN trial.

Background: This is a follow-up study to the pentaerythrityl tetranitrate randomized controlled multicenter trial that reports neonatal outcome data of newborns admitted to neonatal intensive care units and outcome data of the offspring at 12 months of age.

Objective: We present data on adverse events reported during the study to document the safety of pentaerythrityl tetranitrate treatment during pregnancy. To further evaluate the effects of pentaerythrityl tetranitrate on neonatal and long-term outcomes, we present follow up data from of 240 children at 12 months of age, including information on height, weight, head circumference, developmental milestones, and the presence of chronic disease and of 144 newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit during the trial.

Course of an unplanned and unexpected pregnancy in a 39 year-old patient with Complex bladder extrophy: a case report.

Background: With improved operative techniques pregnancy rates have been rising in patients with anomalies of the extrophy-epispadias-complex, including also female patients with bladder extrophy. Specific risks around pregnancy need to be addressed sufficiently beforehand.

Case Presentation: An unplanned pregnancy was detected at 34 weeks in a 39-year old White female patient with former complex bladder extrophy.

Association between TGFβ1 Levels in Cord Blood and Weight Progress in the First Year of Life.

Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1) is an adipokine secreted from adipose tissue, placental tissue and immune cells with a role in cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and angiogenic proliferation. The role of TGFβ1 in pregnancy and child growth and the source of cord TGFβ1 are yet unknown. In this study, we sought to clarify the correlation of TGFβ1 levels with parameters of intrauterine growth and child growth during the first year of life, and to determine whether their source is primarily of fetal or maternal origin.

Adipokines in Pregnancy: A Systematic Review of Clinical Data.

Adipokines are signaling proteins involved in metabolic, endocrinological, vascular and immunogenic processes. Associations of various adipokines with not only insulin resistance but also with increased insulin sensitivity, increased systolic blood pressure, and atherosclerosis highlight the significance of adipokines in several components of metabolic syndrome and metabolic diseases in general. As pregnancy presents a unique metabolic state, the role of adipokines in pregnancy, and even in various pregnancy complications, appears to be key to elucidating these metabolic processes.

Effect of pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) on the development of fetal growth restriction in pregnancies with impaired uteroplacental perfusion at midgestation-a randomized trial.

Background: Fetal growth restriction is strongly associated with impaired placentation and abnormal uteroplacental blood flow. Nitric oxide donors such as pentaerythritol tetranitrate are strong vasodilators and protect the endothelium. Recently, we demonstrated in a randomized controlled pilot study a 38% relative risk reduction for the development of fetal growth restriction or perinatal death following administration of pentaerythritol tetranitrate to pregnant women at risk, identified by impaired uterine perfusion at midgestation.

Diseases and complications of the puerperium.

Background: In terms of maternal morbidity and mortality, the puerperium is just as significant as pregnancy and childbirth. Nearly half of all maternal deaths occur in the time after delivery.

Methods: This review is based on pertinent articles in English and German from the years 2000- 2020 that were retrieved by a selective search in MEDLINE and EMBASE, as well as on the available guidelines in English and German and on German-language textbooks of obstetrics.

Adipocyte Fatty Acid-Binding Protein 4 is Altered in Growth Discordant Dichorionic, but not in Monochorionic Twins.

Context: The fetal period has a critical and long-lasting impact on the regulation of metabolic processes and a life-long predisposition for obesity and metabolic syndrome. The exact mechanisms are unknown, but epigenetic regulation likely plays a major role. Twins represent an excellent model to study these mechanisms, as they share the same intrauterine environment and similar or even the same genetic information.

[Does Lower Uterine Segment Thickness Measurement Improve Birth Planning After Previous Cesarean Section?].

Introduction: Lower uterine segment (LUS) thickness measurement is frequently used to select patients for trial of labor after a previous cesarean section (TOLAC). To date no significant benefit of LUS measurement has ever been proven, and no standard protocol or clear cut-off value exists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit of LUS measurement in a daily routine setting.

Cesarean section scar in 3 T magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasound: image characteristics and comparison of the methods.

Purpose: Uterine rupture during labor is a rare but life-threatening complication after previous cesarean section (CS). Prenatal risk is assessed using ultrasound thickness measurement of the lower uterine segment (LUS). Due to inhomogeneous study results, however, clinical obstetrics still lacks for standard protocols and reliable reference values.

Anti-angiogenesis and Preeclampsia in 2016.

Purpose Of Review: Preeclampsia remains one of the most important complications in pregnancy worldwide. With this review, we aim to give an overview on important research findings over the last years and their effects on current clinical management.

Recent Findings: The association between preeclampsia and altered angiogenesis is nowadays widely accepted.