The FAM104 proteins VCF1/2 promote the nuclear localization of p97/VCP.

The ATPase p97 (also known as VCP, Cdc48) has crucial functions in a variety of important cellular processes such as protein quality control, organellar homeostasis, and DNA damage repair, and its de-regulation is linked to neuromuscular diseases and cancer. p97 is tightly controlled by numerous regulatory cofactors, but the full range and function of the p97-cofactor network is unknown. Here, we identify the hitherto uncharacterized FAM104 proteins as a conserved family of p97 interactors.

ZFAND1 Recruits p97 and the 26S Proteasome to Promote the Clearance of Arsenite-Induced Stress Granules.

Stress granules (SGs) are cytoplasmic assemblies of mRNPs stalled in translation initiation. They are induced by various stress conditions, including exposure to the environmental toxin and carcinogen arsenic. While perturbed SG turnover is linked to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, the molecular mechanisms underlying SG formation and turnover are still poorly understood.

Anti-tumour activity of phosphoinositide-3-kinase antagonist AEZS-126 in models of ovarian cancer.

Purpose: Platinum resistance is the most crucial problem for treatment of ovarian cancer. There is a clinical need for new treatment strategies which overcome platinum resistance. Recently high level of AKT was shown to be involved in platinum resistance and furthermore in resistance against Natural-killer (NK)-cell mediated killing in ovarian cancer.

The effect of Cordyceps extract and a mixture of Ganoderma lucidum/Agaricus Blazi Murill extract on human endometrial cancer cell lines in vitro.

Endometrial carcinoma is the most common gynaecological malignancy. Nevertheless there is a lack of curative therapies, especially for patients diagnosed with late stage, recurrent or aggressive disease, who have a poor prognosis. Cordyceps Sinensis, Ganoderma lucidum and Agaricus Blazi Murill are three fungi widely used in traditional Chinese medicine, and effects as adjuvants in tumour therapy have been demonstrated.

Mechanisms of tumor immune escape in triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC) with and without mutated BRCA 1.

Purpose: Triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are associated with an adverse outcome, although these tumors are sensitive to chemotherapy. In part, this phenomenon could be caused by tumor immune escape. The current study investigates immunogenicity of TNBC cells in vitro and the presence of immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment (pAKT and B7H1 expression, infiltration with regulatory T cells, [Tregs]).

Immune escape of AKT overexpressing ovarian cancer cells.

Platinum-resistance is the most crucial problem for treatment of ovarian cancer. There is a clinical need for new treatment strategies which overcome platinum resistance. As survival is strongly influenced by immunological parameters, immunotherapeutic strategies appear promising.

Anti-tumour activity of phosphoinositide-3-kinase antagonist AEZS 126 in models of triple-negative breast cancer.

Purpose: Of more than one million global cases of breast cancer diagnosed each year, a high percentage are characterized as triple-negative, lacking the oestrogen, progesterone and Her2/neu receptors. The incidence exceeds the incidence of malignancies like CML by far. Lack of effective therapies, younger age at onset and early metastatic spread have contributed to the poor prognosis and outcomes associated with these malignancies.

Improvement of the live vaccine strain Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi Ty21a for antigen delivery via the hemolysin secretion system of Escherichia coli.

The attenuated Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strain Ty21a (Ty21a) is the only attenuated live oral vaccine against typhoid fever. Ty21a is also an attractive carrier for the delivery of heterologous antigens. We have used Ty21a for antigen delivery via the hemolysin (HlyA) secretion system of Escherichia coli, the prototype of the type I secretion system (T1SS).

The adrenal secretory serine protease AsP is a short secretory isoform of the transmembrane airway trypsin-like protease.

To further elucidate the role of proteases capable of cleaving N-terminal proopiomelanocortin (N-POMC)-derived peptides, we have cloned two cDNAs encoding isoforms of the airway trypsin-like protease (AT) from mouse (MAT) and rat (RAT), respectively. The open reading frames comprise 417 amino acids (aa) and 279 aa. The mouse AT gene was located at chromosome 5E1 and contains 10 exons.

The pro-opiomelanocortin gene of the zebrafish (Danio rerio).

The cDNA and the gene for pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) in the zebrafish (Danio rerio) were isolated and analyzed. The gene consists of three exons and two short introns and has a similar overall structural organization as in Homo sapiens. Intron 1 (339 bp) divides the 5(') untranslated region from the coding region while intron 2 (1522 bp) is located between the signal peptide and the sequence encoding ACTH.

Interaction of the anterior fat body protein with the hexamerin receptor in the blowfly Calliphora vicina.

In late larvae of the blowfly, Calliphora vicina, arylphorin and LSP-2 proteins, which belong to the class of hexamerins, are selectively taken up by the fat body from the haemolymph. Hexamerin endocytosis is mediated by a specific membrane-bound receptor, the arylphorin-binding protein (ABP). Using the two-hybrid technique, we found that the anterior fat body protein (AFP) interacts with the hexamerin receptor.