Asynchronous Video Directly Observed Therapy to Monitor Short-Course Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: Observing medication ingestion through self-recorded videos (video directly observed therapy [VDOT]) has been shown to be a cost-effective alternative to in-person directly observed therapy (DOT) for monitoring adherence to treatment for tuberculosis disease. VDOT could be a useful tool to monitor short-course latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment.

Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized controlled trial comparing VDOT (intervention) and clinic-based DOT (control) among patients newly diagnosed with LTBI who agreed to a once-weekly 3-month treatment regimen of isoniazid and rifapentine.

Uniting for Ukraine Tuberculosis Screening Experience, San Francisco, California, USA.

Ukraine surveillance data suggest high tuberculosis (TB) incidence, including multidrug resistance. Of 299 newcomers from Ukraine screened in San Francisco, California, USA, by using an interferon-γ-release-assay (IGRA) and chest radiograph, 7.4% were IGRA positive and 1 had laboratory-confirmed pansusceptible TB.

Adverse Events Associated With Treatment for Pan-Susceptible Tuberculosis in San Francisco.

Of 373 patients treated for drug-susceptible tuberculosis, 35.4% (46.2% aged ≥65 years) developed moderate/severe adverse events that required treatment interruption (34.

Pre-treatment chest X-ray stability duration and tuberculosis disease in San Diego, California, 2012-2017.

Background: Overseas screening for tuberculosis (TB) has sought to reduce the burden of active TB in the United States. The duration of time between two unchanged, or stable, chest X-rays (CXRs) taken four to six months apart has been considered clinically useful in the evaluation of suspected pulmonary TB disease, but this relationship has not been previously quantified.

Objective: To investigate the association between pre-treatment CXR stability duration and future clinical or culture-confirmed (Class 3) diagnosis of pulmonary TB in San Diego, California, USA.

Tuberculosis-Associated Hospitalizations and Deaths after COVID-19 Shelter-In-Place, San Francisco, California, USA.

A mandated shelter-in-place and other restrictions associated with the coronavirus disease pandemic precipitated a decline in tuberculosis diagnoses in San Francisco, California, USA. Several months into the pandemic, severe illness resulting in hospitalization or death increased compared with prepandemic levels, warranting heightened vigilance for tuberculosis in at-risk populations.

Tuberculosis infection risk, preventive therapy care cascade and incidence of tuberculosis disease in healthcare workers at Maputo Central Hospital.

Background: Mozambican healthcare workers have high rates of latent and active tuberculosis, but occupational screening for tuberculosis is not routine in this setting. Furthermore, the specificity of tuberculin skin testing in this population compared with interferon gamma release assay testing has not been established.

Methods: This study was conducted among healthcare workers at Maputo Central Hospital, a public teaching quaternary care hospital in Mozambique.

Attitudes and Preferences Regarding the Use of Rapid Self-Testing for Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV in San Diego Area Men Who Have Sex With Men.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) increase the risk of HIV transmission and are present at high rates among men who have sex with men (MSM). Adherence to HIV/STI testing guidelines is low in the United States. Testing programs that utilize rapid self-administered HIV/STI tests improve testing rates, though multiple factors influence their uptake.

Pleurodesis: a comparison of two sclerosing agents for pleural effusions in Mozambique.

Background: Pleural effusions constitute one of the most frequent pathologies encountered in the pulmonary service of Maputo Central Hospital (MCH) in Mozambique. Bleomycin and talc are commonly used for pleurodesis, but cost prohibitive, therefore we aimed to retrospectively compare the efficacy and safety of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) with bleomycin for pleurodesis.

Methods: Case records of pleurodesis using bleomycin and NaOH from 2002 to 2013 were reviewed.

Risk profile and HIV testing outcomes of women undergoing community-based testing in San Diego 2008-2014.

Women comprised 19% of new HIV diagnoses in the United States in 2014, with significant racial and ethnic disparities in infection rates. This cross-sectional analysis of women enrolled in a cohort study compares demographics, risk behaviour, and sexually transmitted infections (STI) in those undergoing HIV testing in San Diego County. Data from the most recent screening visit of women undergoing voluntary HIV screening April 2008 -July 2014 was used.

An innovative system for 3D clinical photography in the resource-limited settings.

Background: Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is the most frequently occurring cancer in Mozambique among men and the second most frequently occurring cancer among women. Effective therapeutic treatments for KS are poorly understood in this area. There is an unmet need to develop a simple but accurate tool for improved monitoring and diagnosis in a resource-limited setting.

Simultaneous presentation of Kaposi sarcoma and HHV8-associated large B-cell lymphoma in the same lymph node: A rare diagnosis in an HIV-negative patient.

Patient: Female, 18 FINAL DIAGNOSIS: Simultanous presentation of Kaposi Sarcoma and Lymphoma Symptoms: -

Medication: - Clinical Procedure: - Specialty: Oncology.

Objective: Rare disease.

Background: KSHV/HHV-8 is associated with Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) as well as with a few categories of lymphoproliferative diseases, mostly occurring in patients with HIV infection/AIDS.

NOD-scid IL2rgamma(null) mouse model of human skin transplantation and allograft rejection.

Background: Transplantation of human skin on immunodeficient mice that support engraftment with functional human immune systems would be an invaluable tool for investigating mechanisms involved in wound healing and transplantation. Nonobese diabetic (NOD)-scid interleukin-2 gamma chain receptor (NSG) readily engraft with human immune systems, but human skin graft integrity is poor. In contrast, human skin graft integrity is excellent on CB17-scid bg (SCID.