Publications by authors named "Susanna Kallioinen"
The secreted growth factor Activin-A of the transforming growth factor β family and its receptors can promote or inhibit several cancer hallmarks including tumor cell proliferation and differentiation, vascularization, lymphangiogenesis and inflammation. However, a role in immune evasion and its relationship with tumor-induced muscle wasting and tumor vascularization, and the relative contributions of autocrine versus paracrine Activin signaling remain to be evaluated. To address this, we compared the effects of truncated soluble Activin receptor IIB as a ligand trap, or constitutively active mutant type IB receptor versus secreted Activin-A or the related ligand Nodal in mouse and human melanoma cell lines and tumor grafts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF2A is an oligopeptide sequence mediating a ribosome 'skipping' effect, producing an apparent 'cleavage' of polyproteins. First identified and characterized in picornaviruses, '2A-like' sequences are found in other mammalian viruses and a wide range of insect viruses. Databases were analysed using a motif conserved amongst 2A/2A-like sequences.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Inserting picornaviral 2A sequences into mRNAs allows the ribosome to skip creating a peptide bond, enabling the formation of two proteins from one reading frame.
- The study used 2A sequences from foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) and porcine teschovirus 1 (PTV-1) to express protein IX and green fluorescent protein (GFP) in a modified adenovirus.
- While FMDV's longer 2A sequence was more effective in achieving ribosome skipping, it negatively affected the viral characteristics, indicating the need for careful selection of 2A sequences when using protein IX for gene expression.