Infant avoidance training alters cellular activation patterns in prefronto-limbic circuits during adult avoidance learning: II. Cellular imaging of neurons expressing the activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (Arc/Arg3.1).

Positive and negative feedback learning is essential to optimize behavioral performance. We used the two-way active avoidance (TWA) task as an experimental paradigm for negative feedback learning with the aim to test the hypothesis that neuronal ensembles activate the activity-regulated cytoskeletal (Arc/Arg3.1) protein during different phases of avoidance learning and during retrieval.

Symmetric palatal swelling as the first clinical manifestation of a mantle cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: A case report and review of literature.

The mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare (3.7%) low-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma originating from the B-cell precursor-subpopulation. The clinical appearance in the oral cavity is rare.

Knowledge of the anatomical polyp location might bias the pathological classification of histologically equivocal colorectal serrated polyps - a consensus study performed by pathology trainees.

Colorectal serrated polyps (CSPs) comprise hyperplastic polyps (HPs), traditional (TSAs) and sessile (SSAs) serrated adenomas, as well as inflammatory cloacogenic polyps (ICPs). These lesions have typical anatomical locations and share a histomorphological overlap. In this study, we assessed the so far neglected issue as to what extent the histological classification of these lesions performed by pathology trainees is biased by the pathologists' knowledge of the polyp location in dependency on the duration of their training.

Cognitive training during infancy and adolescence accelerates adult associative learning: critical impact of age, stimulus contingency and training intensity.

A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that juvenile cognitive training shapes neural networks and behavior, and thereby determines the adult's capacity for learning and memory. In particular, we have shown that infant rats, even though they do not develop an active avoidance strategy in a two-way active avoidance task, show as adults accelerated learning in the same learning task. This indicates that a memory trace was formed in the infant rats, which most likely is recruited during adult training.

Cellular blue nevus (CBN) lymph node metastases of the neck with no primary skin lesion: a case report and review of literature.

A case of cervical lymph node infiltration by a benign cellular blue nevus (CBN) and a 27-year disease history is presented. Dermal dendritic melanocytes and pigmented spindle cells presented no histological evidence of malignancy (CD34-, desmin-, PanCy-, HMB-45+, anti-S-100+, Bcl-2+, MART-1+, focally expression of melan A, 1% Ki-67+ of the tumour cell nucleoli). The differentiation of the benign blue nevus (BN) from a malignant blue nevus (MBN) and a malignant melanoma (MM) is still a challenge.

Overexpression of CD97 in intestinal epithelial cells of transgenic mice attenuates colitis by strengthening adherens junctions.

The adhesion G-protein-coupled receptor CD97 is present in normal colonic enterocytes but overexpressed in colorectal carcinoma. To investigate the function of CD97 in colorectal carcinogenesis, transgenic Tg(villin-CD97) mice overexpressing CD97 in enterocytes were generated and subjected to azoxymethane (AOM)/dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis-associated tumorigenesis. Unexpectedly, we found a CD97 cDNA copy number-dependent reduction of DSS-induced colitis in Tg compared to wild-type (WT) mice that was confirmed by applying a simple DSS protocol.

Analysis of CD97 expression and manipulation: antibody treatment but not gene targeting curtails granulocyte migration.

The heptahelical receptor CD97 is a defining member of the EGF-TM7 family of adhesion class receptors. In both humans and mice, CD97 isoforms are expressed with variable numbers of tandemly arranged N-terminal epidermal growth factor-like domains that facilitate interactions with distinct cellular ligands. Results from treatment of mice with mAbs in various disease models have suggested a role for CD97 in leukocyte trafficking.

Experience-induced changes of dendritic spine densities in the prefrontal and sensory cortex: correlation with developmental time windows.

The present study provides evidence for the hypothesis that the extent and the direction of experience-induced synaptic changes in cortical areas correlates with time windows of neuronal as well as endocrine development. Repeated brief exposure to maternal separation prior to the stress hyporesponsive period (SHRP) of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis induced significantly reduced dendritic spine density (-16%) in layer II/III pyramidal neurons of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACd) of 21-day-old rats, whereas separation after termination of the SHRP resulted in increased spine densities (+16%) in this neuron type. In addition, rats of both groups displayed elevated basal plasma levels of corticosterone at this age.