Gene Is Required for -Mediated Resistance of Tomato to the Whitefly .

The gene of tomato () confers resistance against some nematodes and insects, but the resistance mechanisms differ depending on the harmful organism, as a hypersensitive reaction (HR) occurs only in the case of nematodes. The gene is required for -mediated resistance to nematodes, aphids, and whiteflies, and several additional proteins also play a role in this resistance. Among them, the involvement of the chaperone HSP90 has been demonstrated in -mediated resistance for aphids and nematodes, but not for whiteflies.

Phylogeography of Organophosphate Resistant Alleles in Spanish Olive Fruit Fly Populations: A Mediterranean Perspective in the Global Change Context.

The olive fruit fly () is the most damaging olive pest. The intensive use of organophosphates (OPs) to control it, led to an increase in resistance in field populations. This study assesses the presence and distribution of three mutations at the gene related to target site insensitivity to OPs in Spain.

Do non-crop areas and landscape structure influence dispersal and population densities of male olive moth?

The permeability of the crop surroundings to pests and the landscape structure can influence pest dispersal between crop patches as well as its abundance within the crop. In this work, we analyzed the dispersal of the olive moth Prays oleae (Bernard) throughout the olive grove surroundings and their abundance within the crop following three approaches: (i) pollen grains settled on bodies of olive moths collected in olive groves were identified and compared with flora occurring on the surrounding patches; (ii) the capability of P. oleae males to penetrate non-crop patches was analyzed (iii) the effect of the landscape structure on the abundance of the three generations of the olive moth was studied.

Dynamics of canopy-dwelling arthropods under different weed management options, including glyphosate, in conventional and genetically modified insect-resistant maize.

The use of genetically modified varieties tolerant to herbicides (HT varieties) and resistant to insects (Bt varieties) in combination with application of a broad-spectrum herbicide such as glyphosate could be an effective option for the simultaneous control of weeds and pests in maize. Nevertheless, the possible impact of these tools on nontarget arthropods still needs to be evaluated. In a field study in central Spain, potential changes in populations of canopy-dwelling arthropods in Bt maize under different weed management options, including glyphosate application, were investigated.

Laboratory evaluation of alternative control methods against the false tiger, Monosteira unicostata (Hemiptera: Tingidae).

Background: Monosteira unicostata is an important pest of almond tree in the Mediterranean region requiring control methods alternative to synthetic pesticides. The efficacy of kaolin, azadirachtin and potassium salts of fatty acids combined with thyme essential oil against adults and fourth instar nymphs of this tingid was evaluated in laboratory assays.

Results: In no choice assays with adults, kaolin significantly increased mortality compared to control (42.

Laboratory tests of insect growth regulators as bait sprays for the control of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Diptera: Tephritidae).

Background: Insect growth regulators (IGRs) act specifically on arthropods. This selectivity makes them an interesting alternative to traditional insecticides for pest control. The aim of this work was to test the IGRs azadirachtin, cyromazine, flufenoxuron, lufenuron and pyriproxyfen as useful pesticides for the control of the olive fruit fly, Bactrocera oleae (Rossi), a key pest of olive crops.

Benzothiadiazole induces local resistance to Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) in tomato plants.

Plant resistance to the B and Q biotypes of sweetpotato whitefly, Bemisa tabaci (Gennadius), induced by benzo [1,2,3] thiadiazole-7-carbothioic acid-S-methyl ester (BTH or acibenzolar-S-methyl) in tomato 'Marmande' plants was evaluated in free-choice and no-choice assays under different conditions. BTH is the active ingredient of the Syngenta plant activator Bion. BTH treatment affected host preference of B.

Water availability affects the growth, accumulation of compatible solutes and the viability of the biocontrol agent Epicoccum nigrum.

Growth of the biocontrol fungus Epicoccum nigrum was more sensitive to ionic solute water stress (NaCl) than non-ionic (glycerol) on potato dextrose-based media at -0.5, -3.0 and -5.