Exploring food system resilience to the global polycrisis in six Asian countries.

The world is currently in the midst of a global food crisis brought about and exacerbated by a series of mutually reinforcing shocks to food systems This study investigated the resilience of food systems in six Asian countries (Bangladesh, Kyrgyz Republic, Lao PDR, Pakistan, Philippines, and Sri Lanka) amidst the global 'polycrisis' caused by COVID-19, geopolitical conflicts, and climate change. Trend analyses were performed for 19 indicators sourced from global databases and World Food Programme national data, representing the four domains of food system resilience: exposure to shocks; resilience capacities and agro- and food diversity, resilience responses and strategies; and long-term resilience outcomes. The analysis revealed that all six countries experienced the effects of the 'polycrisis', leading to diverse impacts on exchange rates, with Sri Lanka, Pakistan, and Lao PDR facing significant currency depreciation.

Intra-rater reliability and feasibility of the HexCom advanced disease complexity assessment model.

Aim: To study the intra-rater reliability and feasibility of the HexCom complexity assessment model by analyzing internal consistency, intra-rater reliability and response time.

Design: Test-retest study with a selection of 11 clinical situations that cover the full scope of situations assessed by the HexCom model and which are responded to individually.

Location: Home care, primary care, hospital and sociosanitary care.

Identification of the Active Principle Conferring Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Properties in Bamboo Plant.

Early plants began colonizing earth about 450 million years ago. During the process of coevolution, their metabolic cellular pathways produced a myriad of natural chemicals, many of which remain uncharacterized biologically. Popular preparations containing some of these molecules have been used medicinally for thousands of years.

Neuroinflammation: An overview of neurodegenerative and metabolic diseases and of biotechnological studies.

Neuroinflammation is an important factor contributing to cognitive impairment and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), ischemic injury, and multiple sclerosis (MS). These diseases are characterized by inexorable progressive injury of neuron cells, and loss of motor or cognitive functions. Microglia, which are the resident macrophages in the brain, play an important role in both physiological and pathological conditions.

Synthesis and biological activities of a nitro-shiff base compound as a potential anti-inflammatory agent.

In order to discover a new compound having anti-inflammatory activity, a nitro-Schiff base was evaluated. The compound was synthesized and characterized by H NMR and C NMR. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated in vitro by hemolysis and MTT cell viability assay.

Systemic Administration of Antipsychotic Asenapine Pre or Postnatal does not Induce Anxiety-like Behaviors in Mice.

Background And Objective: Asenapine is an atypical antipsychotic approved by US Food and Drug Administration in 2009 and by European Medicines Agency in 2010 for Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder treatment. Currently, many studies have been developed in an attempt to clarify and minimize the risks related to the use of psychotropic during pre/postnatal period on patients with a history of mental disorders.

Conclusion: The aim of this study was to test the impact of pre and/or postnatal exposition to asenapine on mice offspring behavior.

Effect of Heteropterys aphrodisiaca on Anxiety and Male Exposure of Female Mice with Advanced Age.

Background: Effect of Heteropterys aphrodisiaca (dog-node) on anxiety and function of adult female wistar mice. The project is an experiment with the use of H. aphrodisiac root extract, in order to observe the frequency of sexual exposure of females exposed to the extract, quantify the effect of the extract on the concentration of total testosterone and observe the anxiety levels of the animals exposed.

Red Pepper (Capsicum baccatum) Extracts Present Anti-Inflammatory Effects In Vivo and Inhibit the Production of TNF-α and NO In Vitro.

Capsicum baccatum is the most consumed red pepper species in Brazil. Our previous studies demonstrated the anti-inflammatory properties of its crude extract, whose activity is yet to be fully characterized. Herein, we examined the anti-inflammatory in vivo effects of enriched extracts obtained through bioguided fractionation as dichloromethane (DCM), butanol (BUT), and residual aqueous (RAq) extracts and its influence on inflammatory mediators produced by macrophages in vitro.

Clavanin A improves outcome of complications from different bacterial infections.

The rapid increase in the incidence of multidrug-resistant infections today has led to enormous interest in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) as suitable compounds for developing unusual antibiotics. In this study, clavanin A, an antimicrobial peptide previously isolated from the marine tunicate Styela clava, was selected as a purposeful molecule that could be used in controlling infection and further synthesized. Clavanin A was in vitro evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli as well as toward L929 mouse fibroblasts and skin primary cells (SPCs).

Effects of cyclotides against cutaneous infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus.

The main bacterium associated with skin infection is Staphylococcus aureus, occurring especially in infections acquired via surgical wounds, commonly leading to lethal hospital-acquired infections, emphasizing the importance of identifying new antimicrobial compounds. Among them, cyclotides have gained interest due to their high stability and multifunctional properties. Here, cycloviolacin 2 (CyO2) and kalata B2 (KB2) were evaluated to determinate their anti-staphylococcal activities using a subcutaneous infection model.

In vitro and in vivo genotoxic evaluation of Bothrops moojeni snake venom.

Context: Bothrops moojeni Hoge (Viperidae) venom is a complex mixture of compounds with therapeutic potential that has been included in the research and development of new drugs. Along with the biological activity, the pharmaceutical applicability of this venom depends on its toxicological profile.

Objective: This study evaluates the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the Bothrops moojeni venom (BMV).

Clavanin bacterial sepsis control using a novel methacrylate nanocarrier.

Controlling human pathogenic bacteria is a worldwide problem due to increasing bacterial resistance. This has prompted a number of studies investigating peptides isolated from marine animals as a possible alternative for control of human pathogen infections. Clavanins are antimicrobial peptides isolated from the marine tunicate Styela clava, showing 23 amino acid residues in length, cationic properties, and also high bactericidal activity.

Evaluation of an antimicrobial L-amino acid oxidase and peptide derivatives from Bothropoides mattogrosensis pitviper venom.

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) are causes of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The prevalence of bacterial resistance to common antibiotics has increased in recent years, highlighting the need to develop novel alternatives for controlling these pathogens. Pitviper venoms are composed of a multifaceted mixture of peptides, proteins and inorganic components.

Lipid/particle assemblies based on maltodextrin-gum arabic core as bio-carriers.

A novel system to carry and protect epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), an antioxidant from the green tea, is reported. The system consists of maltodextrin and gum arabic nanoparticles coated with egg-yolk l-alpha-phosphatidylcholine (Egg-PC)/stearylamine (SA) bilayers. In this study, the polysaccharide core was produced by homogenization followed by spray-drying.

Ten novel HMGCL mutations in 24 patients of different origin with 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaric aciduria.

3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects ketogenesis and L-leucine catabolism. The clinical acute symptoms include vomiting, convulsions, metabolic acidosis, hypoketotic hypoglycaemia and lethargy. To date, 33 mutations in 100 patients have been reported in the HMGCL gene.

Adhesion molecules and Differentiation Syndrome: phenotypic and functional analysis of the effect of ATRA, As2O3, phenylbutyrate, and G-CSF in acute promyelocytic leukemia.

Background And Objectives: Differentiation Syndrome (DS) is a treatment complication which can occur in patients treated with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) with all transretinoic acid (ATRA) or As(2)O(3), and is characterized by enhanced leukocyte transmigration. As(2)O(3), Phenylbutyrate (PB) and G-CSF are known to potentiate ATRA effects. Our aim was to analyze the changes in expression and function of adhesion molecules induced by ATRA, As(2)O(3), G-CSF and PB, and their association.

IL-12, but not IL-18, is critical to neutrophil activation and resistance to polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response resulting from local infection due, at least in part, to impaired neutrophil migration. IL-12 and IL-18 play an important role in neutrophil migration. We have investigated the mechanism and relative role of IL-12 and IL-18 in polymicrobial sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice.

Systemic administration of interleukin-2 inhibits inflammatory neutrophil migration: role of nitric oxide.

1. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) has proinflammatory properties that limit its therapeutic use. Its side effects are mainly explained by the induction of a vascular leakage syndrome.

Signaling via platelet-activating factor receptors accounts for the impairment of neutrophil migration in polymicrobial sepsis.

Sepsis is a systemic inflammatory response that results from the inability of the immune system to limit bacterial spread during an ongoing infection. Recently, we have documented an impaired neutrophil migration toward the infectious focus in severe sepsis. This impairment seems to be mediated by circulating cytokines, chemokines, and NO.

Skipping of exon 2 and exons 2 plus 3 of HMG-CoA lyase (HL) gene produces the loss of beta sheets 1 and 2 in the recently proposed (beta-alpha)8 TIM barrel model of HL.

HMG-CoA lyase (HL) deficiency is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder that affects ketogenesis and leucine catabolism. We report a new Spanish patient who bears the frequent nonsense mutation G109T (Mediterranean mutation). This mutation can produce aberrant splicing with three mRNA variants: one of the expected size, the second with deletion of exon 2, and the third with deletion of exons 2 and 3.

[Pelvic inflammatory disease associated with Neisseria meningitis bacteremia].

The Pelvic Inflammatory disease (PID) caused by Neisseria meningitidis (Nm), as an extraneurological manifestation considered as a case study with few precedents. It is so far known that the occasional transposition of ecological niches occurs. There are several bibliographical reports that show an increase in the colonization of the genitourinary tract due to Nm.