Anterior Nasal Superior Oblique Tendon Syndrome: A Case Series.

Purpose: To evaluate the clinical characteristics and management of patients with an anteriorly and nasally inserted superior oblique tendon.

Design: Retrospective interventional case series.

Methods: Institutional clinical records between 2020 and 2024 were retrospectively reviewed for 9 consecutive patients in whom the superior oblique (SO) tendon was inserted anterior to the equator and nasal to the superior rectus muscle.

Optic Nerve Aplasia.

Objective: Optic nerve aplasia (ONA) is a rare ocular anomaly. We report ophthalmologic, systemic, and genetic findings in ONA.

Methods: Patients were identified through an International Pediatric Ophthalmology listserv and from the practice of the senior author.

A doubly paradoxical vertical eye deviation with an a pattern strabismus in plagiocephaly: management and a case report with outcome.

Anterior plagiocephaly is a craniofacial anomaly related to premature uni-lateral synostosis. We present a case of anterior plagiocephaly with vertical strabismus, overaction of the contralateral superior oblique muscle and an A pattern. A detailed ophthalmic examination and radio-imaging were done.

Diagnosis and surgical treatment of dissociated horizontal deviation strabismus.

Purpose: Obtaining satisfactory binocular alignment in patients with Dissociated Horizontal Deviation (DHD) requires a proper diagnosis and a specific surgical strategy. Clinical characteristics, surgical treatment and the results obtained in 20 patients with DHD are reported with a mean of 35 months postsurgical follow up.

Patients And Method: Retrospective record review of patients with DHD who underwent surgery between 2000 and 2007.

Effects of innervational strabismus surgery on a patient with hypotropic strabismus and pseudoblepharoptosis.

Purpose: We seek to analyze the results of the innervational surgery in a case of hypotropia with peudoptosis with vidiooculography (3D-VOG).

Case Report: We present the clinical case of a 35 year old male suffereing from acquired ptosis of the left eyelid, present since the age of 10 and who was interested in cosmetic surgery. The preoperative 3D-VOG shows hypotropia of the left eye (22.

Essential infantile esotropia in neurologically impaired pediatric patients: is botulinum toxin better primary treatment than surgery?

Unlabelled: A prospective study was performed over a 10 year period on 25 children with infantile esotropia and neurological problems to answer this question. From November 1996 to March 2006 they were treated with injections of botulinum toxin (Botox) of both medial rectus extraocular muscles. Mean age was 26.

The surgical innervational effect: utilizing it to treat monocular elevation deficiency strabismus.

Background: Horta-Barbosa proposed, in 1978, what he named "innervational surgery" which means the weakening of a muscle of the sound eye in order to increase the innervation to its paretic yoke muscle. He proposed it for the paralysis of the third cranial nerve in which the medial rectus has some residual force. The method can be accomplished also by means of prisms, like Guibor's method for lateral rectus paresis or botulinum toxin.

Difficult vertical diplopia studied by video-oculography in aphakia after contact lens use. A case report.

Purpose: To establish the utility of a video-oculography system (3D-VOG) in the diagnosis of a patient with difficult idiopathic vertical diplopia.

Case Report: We present a clinical case of an 87 year old female who was operated for glaucoma and cataract with the intracapsular technique in both eyes. She reported vertical diplopia with the use of contact lenses but not while using her aphakia spectacles.

Myasthenia gravis in childhood.

Introduction: Pathologic alterations in neuromuscular transmission, known as Myasthenia Gravis (MG), comprise combinations (forms) of pre- and post-synaptic changes whose age at onset and clinical manifestations are dissimilar. Some forms have autoimmune features, while others have a defect due to functional or structural plaque alternations. The purpose of this work is to describe the clinical forms of MG seen in childhood, to facilitate proper diagnosis and treatment.

Unilateral superior oblique paresis: deviation patterns and surgical indications.

Purpose: To analyze different patterns of vertical strabismic deviations seen in unilateral superior oblique (SO) paresis, and the response to surgical treatment, in order to discern the most effective surgical indication to treat each clinical pattern.

Material And Method: A retrospective analysis of 110 patients with a diagnosis of unilateral SO paresis studied according to the follow protocol: a) Hypertropia (HT) measurement with alternate prism and cover test in the 9 diagnostic gaze positions; b) Determination of the deviation pattern; and c) Analysis of the results achieved with various surgical procedures.

Results: We found that unilateral SO paresis presented with 3 patterns of HT: 1) Patients with marked incomitance between opposite lateroversions; 2) Cases with HT equal to or greater than 20 prism diopters in primary gaze position, lower incomitance between opposite lateroversions and incomitance in up- and downgaze; and 3) A pattern of vertical deviation characterized by a strong tendency to comitance in the 9 diagnostic gaze positions, with an overtly positive Bielschowsky Head Tilt Test and extorsion of the affected eye.

When the patient says no. Management of exotropia with hemianopic visual field defects.

Background: A homonymous hemianopia can be compensated for by an exotropia in the direction of the visual field defect.

Case Reports (and Literature Review): Two young males with visual field defects and exotropia are reported. Both refused surgery when they were advised of the risk of reduction of their binocular visual field with the alignment of their eyes.

Recession and anterior transposition of the inferior oblique muscle [RATIO] to treat three cases of absent inferior rectus muscle.

Background And Purpose: The "loss" of an extraocular muscle during a surgical procedure requires a prompt solution. Muscle agenesis produces a strabismus of difficult resolution. In these cases, alternative strategies are required to restore the binocular alignment.

A surgical alternative for dissociated vertical deviation based on new pathologic concepts: weakening all four oblique eye muscles. Outcome and results in 9 cases.

Purpose: To test new and recent theories on the etiology of Dissociated Vertical Deviation (DVD) with an appropriate new alternative surgical technique.

Method: Nine patients were prospectively selected. The surgical technique used was simultaneous and symmetrical weakening of all 4 oblique eye muscles in order to reduce bilateral cyclotorsion.