Paediatric vesicoureteric reflux imaging: where are we? Novel ultrasound-based voiding urosonography.

Vesicoureteric reflux is an important association of paediatric urinary tract infection. Fluoroscopic micturating cystourethrography and radionuclide cystography have been employed for detecting and grading vesicoureteric reflux. However, both modalities involve ionising radiation, which can pose significant radiation risk to growing children.

Improvement in institutional protocols leads to decreased mortality in patients with haemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures.

Background: The mortality rate in patients with haemodynamically unstable pelvic fractures is as high as 40-60%. In recent years, angioembolisation and pelvic packing have been introduced as part of a multimodality treatment for these patients. Protocol-driven management has been shown to improve outcomes.

Bronchial artery embolisation can be equally safe and effective in the management of chronic recurrent haemoptysis.

Objective: To examine the efficacy and safety of bronchial artery embolisation in patients with acute major haemoptysis and those with chronic recurrent haemoptysis.

Design: Retrospective review of clinical records.

Setting: Regional hospital, Hong Kong.