Microengineered in vitro CAR T cell screens and assays.

Established and emergent microengineered in vitro systems enable the evaluation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell product purity, avidity, and functionality. Here, we describe such systems and how they have been used to optimize CAR T cell products by selecting highly viable cells, eliminating off-target cells, and tailoring avidity to balance efficacy and safety. The future of CAR T cell therapy development and manufacturing is expected to be anchored in a cyclical process that integrates multiple high-throughput and patient-centered techniques for identifying, enriching, and evaluating T cell subtypes.

Therapeutic Immunomodulation of Tumor-Lymphatic Crosstalk via Intratumoral Immunotherapy.

Intra- and peritumoral lymphatics and tumor-draining lymph nodes play major roles in mediating the adaptive immune response to cancer immunotherapy. Despite this, current paradigms of clinical cancer management seldom seek to therapeutically modulate tumor-lymphatic immune crosstalk. This review explores recent developments that set the stage for how this regulatory axis can be therapeutically manipulated, with a particular emphasis on tumor-localized immunomodulation.

Different leukocyte subsets are targeted by systemic and locoregional administration despite conserved nanomaterial characteristics optimal for lymph node delivery.

Lymph nodes (LNs) house a large proportion of the body's leukocytes. Accordingly, engineered nanomaterials are increasingly developed to direct therapeutics to LNs to enhance their efficacy. Yet while lymphatic delivery of nanomaterials to LNs upon locoregional injection has been extensively evaluated, nanomaterial delivery to LN-localized leukocytes after intravenous administration has not been systematically explored nor benchmarked.

Secondary cytoreduction in recurrent ovarian cancer- experience from a tertiary care centre in India.

Introduction: Ovarian cancer is a disease that presents in advanced stage, due to the absence of any specific or overtly dramatic symptoms. The standard of care is primary debulking surgery, followed by chemotherapy. Ovarian cancer recurrence treatment is very challenging and there is always a debate between cytoreduction vs chemotherapy.

Brain and heart activity during interactions with pet dogs: A portable electroencephalogram and heart rate variability study.

Dog ownership has been linked to numerous benefits to human health and wellbeing. However, due to the lack of previous research on changes to brain activity during interactions with pet dogs, the underlying psychophysiological mechanisms are still unclear. The aim of the present study was to examine changes in heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), and electroencephalogram (EEG) power during interactions between dog owners and their pet dog.

BOOM: A novel bifurcation stent technique using optical coherence tomography co-registration.

Background/purpose: Bifurcation lesions comprise 20 % of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) and are associated with worse long-term outcomes. With an increasing percentage of patients presenting with complex anatomy, including bifurcation disease, there is a need for treatment strategies to optimize PCI outcomes.

Methods/materials: We retrospectively analyzed 48 patients undergoing OCT guided bifurcation PCI using the 'Bifurcation and Ostial OCT Mapping' (BOOM) technique.

Metaoptics for aberration correction in microendoscopy.

Compact and minimally invasive scanning fiber endoscopy probes with micron-level resolution have great potential in detailed tissue interrogation and early disease diagnosis, which are key applications of confocal reflectance imaging at visible wavelengths. State-of-the-art imaging probes commonly employ refractive lens triplets or gradient refractive index (GRIN) lenses as the micro-objective. However, off-axis aberration emerges as a critical factor affecting resolution, especially at the extremities of the imaging field.

Single-cell adhesive profiling in an optofluidic device elucidates CD8 T lymphocyte phenotypes in inflamed vasculature-like microenvironments.

Tissue infiltration by circulating leukocytes occurs via adhesive interactions with the local vasculature, but how the adhesive quality of circulating cells guides the homing of specific phenotypes to different vascular microenvironments remains undefined. We developed an optofluidic system enabling fluorescent labeling of photoactivatable cells based on their adhesive rolling velocity in an inflamed vasculature-mimicking microfluidic device under physiological fluid flow. In so doing, single-cell level multidimensional profiling of cellular characteristics could be characterized and related to the associated adhesive phenotype.

Radiation and anti-PD-L1 synergize by stimulating a stem-like T cell population in the tumor-draining lymph node.

Radiotherapy (RT) and anti-PD-L1 synergize to enhance local and distant (abscopal) tumor control. However, clinical results in humans have been variable. With the goal of improving clinical outcomes, we investigated the underlying synergistic mechanism focusing on a CD8+ PD-1+ Tcf-1+ stem-like T cell subset in the tumor-draining lymph node (TdLN).

Higher anthocyanin intake is associated with lower depressive symptoms in adults with and without major depressive disorder.

Background: Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a significant cause of disability globally and an emerging body of evidence suggests that dietary components, including flavonoids, may impact depression-related biochemical pathways. Further research that characterizes dietary intake of flavonoids in diverse population groups, including people with MDD and explores the relationship between flavonoid intake and depression is needed. This study aimed to determine dietary flavonoid and subclass intake and assess the association with depressive symptomatology in a sample of adults with and without MDD.

Developing an ontology of non-pharmacological treatment for emotional and mood disturbances in dementia.

Emotional and mood disturbances are common in people with dementia. Non-pharmacological interventions are beneficial for managing these disturbances. However, effectively applying these interventions, particularly in the person-centred approach, is a complex and knowledge-intensive task.

Microengineered In Vitro Assays for Screening and Sorting Manufactured Therapeutic T Cells.

Adoptively transferred T cells constitute a major class of current and emergent cellular immunotherapies for the treatment of disease, including but not limited to cancer. Although key advancements in molecular recognition, genetic engineering, and manufacturing have dramatically enhanced their translational potential, therapeutic potency remains limited by poor homing and infiltration of transferred cells within target host tissues. In vitro microengineered homing assays with precise control over micromechanical and biological cues can address these shortcomings by enabling interrogation, screening, sorting, and optimization of therapeutic T cells based on their homing capacity.

Australian population norms for health-related quality of life measured using the EQ-5D-5L, and relationships with sociodemographic characteristics.

Background: Measuring health related quality-of-life (HRQoL) of the general population is essential to establish a reference for health outcome evaluations. This study sought to establish EQ-5D-5L population norms in Australia and to investigate the heterogeneity of HRQoL between sociodemographic variables.

Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising of a representative sample of Australia's general population (n = 9958) aged 18 or older.

Alcohol consumption and health-related quality of life in regional, rural and metropolitan Australia: analysis of cross-sectional data from the Community Health and Rural/Regional Medicine (CHARM) study.

Background: Relationships between alcohol consumption and health are complex and vary between countries, regions, and genders. Previous research in Australia has focused on estimating the effect of alcohol consumption on mortality. However, little is known about the relationships between alcohol consumption and health-related quality of life (QoL) in Australia.

Feasibility of training primary healthcare workers to identify antenatal depression.

Identifying women with depressive symptoms is the first step to reducing the risk of the short-term and long-term consequences of antenatal depression. Task shifting by training primary healthcare workers may help to reduce the burden in low-resource settings. Twenty health workers in a primary healthcare center in urban Bengaluru were trained to screen and identify antenatal depression.

Aspirations, apprehensions and the availability of career guidance among dental interns in Kerala, India.

Background: Dental graduates undergo stress owing to factors such as academic pressure and job uncertainty. Additionally, a lack of guidance with regard to clinical entrepreneurship is a cause of great concern. This study aimed to assess the aspirations and apprehensions of dental interns and to determine the availability of career guidance among them.

Smartphone application use patterns for mental health disorders: A systematic literature review and meta-analysis.

Background: Mobile mental health applications play a significant role in mental health care to fill gaps in care for mental disorders. Despite the growth in mobile phone apps for mental health conditions, patients' mental health smartphone application use, perceived usefulness, and future interest in using apps for mental disorders have not been systematically examined.

Methods: The authors designed and conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement.