Health literacy and cumulative social disadvantage are associated with survival and transplant in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma: a prospective study.

Objective: To investigate how individual social determinants of health (SDOH) and cumulative social disadvantage (CSD) affect survival and receipt of liver transplant (LT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods: We enrolled 139 adult patients from two Indianapolis hospital systems between June 2019 and April 2022. Structured questionnaires collected SDOH and social risk factor data.

Patient Navigation Plus Tailored Digital Video Disc Increases Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Low-Income and Minority Patients Who Did Not Attend a Scheduled Screening Colonoscopy: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Up to 50% of people scheduled for screening colonoscopy do not complete this test and no studies have focused on minority and low-income populations. Interventions are needed to improve colorectal cancer (CRC) screening knowledge, reduce barriers, and provide alternative screening options. Patient navigation (PN) and tailored interventions increase CRC screening uptake, however there is limited information comparing their effectiveness or the effect of combining them.

Comparative effectiveness of two interventions to increase colorectal cancer screening among females living in the rural Midwest.

Purpose: To assess the comparative effectiveness of a tailored, interactive digital video disc (DVD) intervention versus DVD plus patient navigation (PN) intervention versus usual care (UC) on the uptake of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening among females living in Midwest rural areas.

Methods: As part of a larger study, 663 females (ages 50-74) living in rural Indiana and Ohio and not up-to-date (UTD) with CRC screening at baseline were randomized to one of three study groups. Demographics , health status/history, and beliefs and attitudes about CRC screening were measured at baseline.

Lung Cancer Screening and Stigma: Do Smoking-related Differences in Perceived Lung Cancer Stigma Emerge Prior to Diagnosis?

Background: Most lung cancer patients report experiencing stigma (i.e., devaluation based on one's lung cancer diagnosis), which is associated with adverse health outcomes.

Factors Associated with Cancer Prevention/Risk Reduction Behaviors among Latinos.

Improving understanding of behaviors that increase or reduce cancer risk for different Hispanic groups is a public health priority; such knowledge is sparse in new gateway immigration locations such as Indiana. The aims of this study were to: 1) describe cancer beliefs and cancer preventive/risk reduction behaviors (physical activity, tobacco, and alcohol use) among Hispanic adults; 2) examine differences in cancer beliefs and preventive behaviors by country/territory of birth, socioeconomic status, and area of residence (urban vs. rural); and 3) determine predictors of engagement in cancer prevention and risk reduction behaviors in this population.

A comparison between perceived rurality and established geographic rural status among Indiana residents.

The study assessed the association and concordance of the traditional geography-based Rural-Urban Commuting Area (RUCA) codes to individuals' self-reported rural status per a survey scale. The study included residents from rural and urban Indiana, seen at least once in a statewide health system in the past 12 months. Surveyed self-reported rural status of individuals obtained was measured using 6 items with a 7-point Likert scale.

Receipt, uptake, and satisfaction with tailored DVD and patient navigation interventions to promote cancer screening among rural women.

Process evaluation is essential to understanding and interpreting the results of randomized trials testing the effects of behavioral interventions. A process evaluation was conducted as part of a comparative effectiveness trial testing a mailed, tailored interactive digital video disc (DVD) with and without telephone-based patient navigation (PN) to promote breast, cervical and colorectal cancer screening among rural women who were not up-to-date (UTD) for at least one screening test. Data on receipt, uptake, and satisfaction with the interventions were collected via telephone interviews from 542 participants who received the tailored interactive DVD (n = 266) or the DVD plus telephone-based PN (n = 276).

Comparison of health information exchange data with self-report in measuring cancer screening.

Background: Efficient measurement of the receipt of cancer screening has been attempted with electronic health records (EHRs), but EHRs are commonly implemented within a single health care setting. However, health information exchange (HIE) includes EHR data from multiple health care systems and settings, thereby providing a more population-based measurement approach. In this study, we set out to understand the value of statewide HIE data in comparison to survey self-report (SR) to measure population-based cancer screening.

Leveraging social media to increase lung cancer screening awareness, knowledge and uptake among high-risk populations (The INSPIRE-Lung Study): study protocol of design and methods of a community-based randomized controlled trial.

Background: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for both men and women in the United States. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated that low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening can reduce lung cancer mortality among high-risk individuals, but uptake of lung screening remains low. Social media platforms have the potential to reach a large number of people, including those who are at high risk for lung cancer but who may not be aware of or have access to lung screening.

Leveraging social media to increase lung cancer screening awareness, knowledge and uptake among high-risk populations (The INSPIRE-Lung Study): Study protocol of design and methods of a community-based randomized controlled trial.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death for both men and women in the United States. The National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) demonstrated that low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) screening can reduce lung cancer mortality among high-risk individuals, but uptake of lung screening remains low. Social media platforms have the potential to reach a large number of people, including those who are at high risk for lung cancer but who may not be aware of or have access to lung screening.

Comparative Effectiveness of 2 Interventions to Increase Breast, Cervical, and Colorectal Cancer Screening Among Women in the Rural US: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Women living in rural areas have lower rates of breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening compared with women living in urban settings.

Objective: To assess the comparative effectiveness of (1) a mailed, tailored digital video disc (DVD) intervention; (2) a DVD intervention plus telephonic patient navigation (DVD/PN); and (3) usual care with simultaneously increased adherence to any breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening that was not up to date at baseline and to assess cost-effectiveness.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This randomized clinical trial recruited and followed up women from rural Indiana and Ohio (community based) who were not up to date on any or all recommended cancer screenings.

Slipping through the cracks: Who is eligible but does not receive a healthcare provider recommendation for lung cancer screening?

Introduction: Receiving a healthcare provider recommendation to screen is an important predictor for whether individuals at high risk for lung cancer undergo lung cancer screening. Although sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics are associated with differential screening participation, it is unknown whether those characteristics are associated with receiving a healthcare provider recommendation for lung cancer screening.

Methods: This cross-sectional study used Facebook-targeted advertising to recruit a national sample of lung cancer screening-eligible adults (N = 515) who completed questionnaires on sociodemographic information (age, gender, race, marital status), socioeconomic characteristics (income, insurance status, education, rurality of residence), smoking status, and receiving a healthcare provider recommendation to screen.

Development and Feasibility Testing of a Multilevel Intervention to Increase Hepatitis C Virus Screening Among Baby Boomers in Primary Care.

Chronic infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) results in an increased risk of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Only 15% of baby boomers (born 1945-1965) have ever been screened. We aimed to develop a multilevel intervention to increase HCV screening for baby boomers in a primary care setting.

Cancer-related knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors among Hispanic/Latino residents of Indiana.

Background: Cancer is the leading cause of death for Hispanics in the USA. Screening and prevention reduce cancer morbidity and mortality.

Methods: This study administered a cross-sectional web-based survey to self-identified Hispanic residents in the state of Indiana to assess their cancer-related knowledge, beliefs, and behaviors, as well as to identify what factors might be associated with cancer screening and prevention.

Factors associated with the accurate self-report of cancer screening behaviors among women living in the rural Midwest region of the United States.

This study examines the accuracy of the self-report of up-to-date cancer screening behaviors (Mammography, Papanicolaou (Pap)/Human Papillomavirus (HPV) tests, Fecal Occult Blood Test (FOBT)/Fecal Immunochemical Test (FIT), Colonoscopy) compared to medical record documentation prior to eligibility determination and enrollment in a randomized controlled trial of an intervention to increase cancer screening among women living in rural counties of Indiana and Ohio. Women (n = 1,641) completed surveys and returned a medical record release form from November 2016-June 2019. We compared self-report to medical records for up-to-date cancer screening behaviors to determine the validity of self-report.

Increasing breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer screening among rural women: Baseline characteristics of a randomized control trial.

Background: Rural women suffer disproportionately from breast, cervical, and colorectal cancer mortality compared to those in urban areas. Screening behaviors for these three cancers share many similar beliefs and barriers. Unfortunately, published interventions have not attempted to simultaneously bring women up to date with screening for three cancers (breast, cervical, and colorectal) even though multiple behavior change interventions are effective.

The Effect of Two Interventions to Increase Breast Cancer Screening in Rural Women.

Guideline-based mammography screening is essential to lowering breast cancer mortality, yet women residing in rural areas have lower rates of up to date (UTD) breast cancer screening compared to women in urban areas. We tested the comparative effectiveness of a tailored DVD, and the DVD plus patient navigation (PN) intervention vs. Usual Care (UC) for increasing the percentage of rural women (aged 50 to 74) UTD for breast cancer screening, as part of a larger study.

Inflammatory Bowel Disease Self-Management: Exploring Adolescent Use of an Online Instagram Support Community.

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the challenges adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience with disease self-management as expressed in an online Instagram social support community. Public Instagram posts between January and December 2019 were manually collected from an online IBD support community. To focus on adolescent self-management needs, only posts from Instagram users who (1) indicated they had inflammatory bowel disease, (2) were 13-24 years old, or were in middle school, high school, or college were collected.