Occupational physical activity, all-cause, cardiovascular disease, and cancer mortality in 349,248 adults: Prospective and longitudinal analyses of the MJ Cohort.

Background: Evidence on the health benefits of occupational physical activity (OPA) is inconclusive. We examined the associations of baseline OPA and OPA changes with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality and survival times.

Methods: This study included prospective and longitudinal data from the MJ Cohort, comprising adults over 18 years recruited in 1998-2016, 349,248 adults (177,314 women) with baseline OPA, of whom 105,715 (52,503 women) had 2 OPA measures at 6.

Examination of Physical Activity, Organized Sport, and Sitting Time Among Women and Mothers From Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Backgrounds.

Background: Little evidence is available from culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) communities on the association between motherhood and physical activity (PA). This study aimed to examine independent and joint associations of cultural background and motherhood with meeting PA guidelines, participation in organized sports, and high sitting time (>8 h/d).

Methods: We used self-reported cross-sectional data from survey 8 of the 1973-1978 cohort of the Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health.

Do associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviour with cardiovascular disease and mortality differ across socioeconomic groups? A prospective analysis of device-measured and self-reported UK Biobank data.

Objective: To examine if individual-level and area-level socioeconomic status (SES) modifies the association of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA), domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviour with all-cause mortality (ACM) and incident cardiovascular disease (CVD).

Methods: We used self-reported (International Physical Activity Questionnaire short form) and accelerometer-measured physical activity and sedentary behaviour data from the UK Biobank. We created an individual-level composite SES index using latent class analysis of household income, education and employment status.

Status and Trends of Physical Activity Surveillance, Policy, and Research in 164 Countries: Findings From the Global Observatory for Physical Activity-GoPA! 2015 and 2020 Surveys.

Background: Physical activity (PA) surveillance, policy, and research efforts need to be periodically appraised to gain insight into national and global capacities for PA promotion. The aim of this paper was to assess the status and trends in PA surveillance, policy, and research in 164 countries.

Methods: We used data from the Global Observatory for Physical Activity (GoPA!) 2015 and 2020 surveys.

Trends in television viewing and overweight /obesity among Nepalese women: Findings from 2006, 2011 and 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys.

Background And Aims: Associations between overweight/obesity and television (TV) viewing have been identified in high-income countries, but little evidence is available from low- and middle-income countries. This study examined the trends and correlates of television viewing and overweight/obesity among Nepalese women between 2006 and 2016.

Methods And Results: We analysed the data from 22,161 women aged 15-49 years who took part in Nepal Demographic Health Surveys 2006 (n = 10,115), 2011 (n = 5,881) or 2016 (n = 6,165).

Associations of changes in physical activity and discretionary screen time with incident obesity and adiposity changes: longitudinal findings from the UK Biobank.

Background: Physical activity (PA) and discretionary screen time (DST; television and computer use during leisure) are both associated with obesity risk, but little longitudinal evidence exists on their combined influence. This study examined the independent and joint associations of changes in PA and DST with incident obesity, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).

Methods: We analysed the data of individuals aged 40-69 years from the UK Biobank, a large-scale, population-based prospective cohort study.

Economic Evaluations of Child Nutrition Interventions in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Systematic Review and Quality Appraisal.

Economic evaluation is crucial for cost-effective resource allocation to improve child nutrition in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, the quality of published economic evaluations in these settings is not well understood. This systematic review aimed to assess the quality of existing economic evaluations of child nutrition interventions in LMICs and synthesize the study characteristics and economic evidence.

Active commuting and leisure-time physical activity among adults in western Nepal: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: To determine the prevalence and sociodemographic factors associated with active commuting and leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) among adults in western Nepal.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Adults from semiurban areas in western Nepal.

Socio-ecological influences of leisure-time physical activity among Nepalese adults: a qualitative study.

Background: With economic and social changes, participation in occupational and transport-related physical activity is declining among Nepalese adults, highlighting the growing importance of leisure-time physical activity. However, limited information is available to guide public health policies and interventions to promote leisure-time physical activity in Nepal. This study aimed to qualitatively explore the socioecological influences of participation in leisure-time physical activity among Nepalese adults aged 40 years and above.

Exploration of Physical Activity Barriers and Facilitators Among Adults in Kathmandu, Nepal.

Previous research suggests that a range of factors influence an individual's physical activity (PA) participation, but studies among Nepalese adults are limited. In this qualitative study, we aimed to explore the multilevel influences upon PA participation among community-dwelling adults aged 40 years and above living in an urban setting in Kathmandu, Nepal. Men ( = 21) and women ( = 30) were purposively sampled to participate in one of nine focus group discussions.

The association of weight change and all-cause mortality in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: there may be age-related differences in the impact of weight change on health. This study systematically reviewed the evidence on the relationship between weight change and all-cause mortality in adults aged 65 years and older.

Methods: MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL were searched from inception to 11 June 2020, PROSPERO CRD 42019142268.

The contribution of physical inactivity and socioeconomic factors to type 2 diabetes in Nepal: A structural equation modelling analysis.

Background And Aim: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is emerging as a significant public health challenge in Nepal. Behavioural, social and economic changes are likely to play a part in the rise of this chronic disease, as they are in many developing countries. A better understanding of the relationship between physical activity (PA), socioeconomic factors and T2DM can inform the design of prevention programs.

Prevalence of Total and Domain-Specific Physical Activity and Associated Factors Among Nepalese Adults: A Quantile Regression Analysis.

Aim: To analyze the data from the World Health Organization Nepal STEPS survey 2013 to determine the prevalence of total and domain-specific physical activity (PA) and associated factors among Nepalese adults.

Methods: A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to proportionately select participants from the 3 ecological zones (Mountain, Hill, and Terai) in Nepal. The Global PA Questionnaire was used to assess PA.

Results from Nepal's 2018 Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth.

Background/objective: Nepal's Report Card on Physical Activity for Children and Youth summarises the available evidence on ten physical activity-related indicators among Nepalese children and youth.

Methods: Published scientific papers on physical activity of Nepalese children and youth (5-17 years) were searched systematically in four databases (Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, and PubMed Central) while some survey reports were manually searched. Letter grades were assigned to ten indicators (Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport Participation, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviours, Physical Fitness, Family and Peers, School, Community and Environment, and Government) by the country's report card team based on available data.

Physical activity participation and the risk of chronic diseases among South Asian adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

South Asia specific reviews on the role of physical activity (PA) domains on chronic disease prevention are lacking. This study aimed to systematically review published literature to identify the association between PA domains and chronic diseases and to provide summary estimates of the strength of association. Nine electronic databases were searched using the predefined inclusion criteria which included population (South Asian adults 40 years or older), exposure (PA or sedentary behaviour) and outcome (type 2 diabetes mellitus, breast cancer, colorectal cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, vascular disease and musculoskeletal diseases and their markers).

Physical activity participation and the risk of chronic diseases among South Asian adults: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Chronic diseases contribute to about half of the adult disease burden in the South Asian region. Meanwhile, physical activity levels are declining despite the global evidence of its role in the prevention of chronic diseases. While there are a plethora of systematic reviews on the effects of physical activity on chronic diseases, there has not yet been a synthesis of the evidence concerning the nature of this relationship among people living in South Asian countries incorporating multiple chronic diseases and a focus on physical activity domains.

Correlates of mobile screen media use among children aged 0-8: a systematic review.

Objective: This study is a systematic review of the peer-reviewed literature to identify the correlates of mobile screen media use among children aged 8 years and less.

Setting: Home or community-based studies were included in this review while child care or school-based studies were excluded.

Participants: Children aged 8 years or less were the study population.

Factors determining satisfaction among facility-based maternity clients in Nepal.

Background: With an increasing number of institutional deliveries, the Nepalese health system faces a challenge to ensure a quality of service provision. This paper aims to identify the determinants of client satisfaction with maternity care in Nepal using data from a nationally representative health facility survey.

Methods: A total of 447 exit interviews, with women who had either recently delivered or who had experienced obstetric complications, were conducted across 13 districts in Nepal (87% in hospitals, 8% in Primary Health Care Centres (PHCCs), and 5% in Sub/Health Posts(S/HPs).

Factors associated with infant mortality in Nepal: a comparative analysis of Nepal demographic and health surveys (NDHS) 2006 and 2011.

Background: Infant mortality is one of the priority public health issues in developing countries like Nepal. The infant mortality rate (IMR) was 48 and 46 per 1000 live births for the year 2006 and 2011, respectively, a slight reduction during the 5 years' period. A comprehensive analysis that has identified and compared key factors associated with infant mortality is limited in Nepal, and, therefore, this study aims to fill the gap.

Correlates of mobile screen media use among children aged 0-8: protocol for a systematic review.

Background: Childhood is a crucial period for shaping healthy behaviours; however, it currently appears to be dominated by screen time. A large proportion of young children do not adhere to the screen time recommendations, with the use of mobile screen devices becoming more common than fixed screens. Existing systematic reviews on correlates of screen time have focused largely on the traditional fixed screen devices such as television.