Prevalence and route of transmission of undiagnosed human immunodeficiency virus infection among children using provider-initiated testing and counselling strategy in Ido-Ekiti, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Ninety-one percent of global Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in children occurs in sub-Saharan Africa. Provider Initiated Testing and Counselling (PITC) Strategy is a means of reducing missed opportunities for HIV exposed or infected children. The present study determined the prevalence of HIV infection using PITC Strategy among children seen at the Paediatric Emergency Unit of Federal Medical Centre (FMC), Ido-Ekiti, and the possible route of transmission.

Prevalence and determinants of susceptibility to cigarette smoking among non-smoking senior secondary school students in Ilorin, North Central Nigeria.

Background Globally, efforts are being made to control tobacco use. However, adolescents who are susceptible to cigarette smoking constitute a major challenge to control efforts. Defining the magnitude of susceptible adolescents and associated factors in any setting is critical to the development of measures that will successfully address this issue.

Clinical predictors of aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity in drug-resistant Tuberculosis patients on intensive therapy.

Objective: The study objectives were to determine the incidence of aminoglycoside-induced ototoxicity in institutionalized patients on intensive phase of therapy for drug-resistant Tuberculosis (DR Tb) and also to assess clinical factors which could predict the ototoxicity.

Methods: The study was a prospective analytical study among consecutive DR Tb patients who were admitted for intensive phase of therapy (of 4 months) at the DR-Tb center over a 12-month period. Patients were diagnosed as DR Tb using the Gene Xpert machine to confirm Rifampicin resistance.