Ultraprocessed Food Intake and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among Women Observed in the Nurses' Health Study Cohorts.

Objective: We assessed ultraprocessed food (UPF) intake and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) incidence within the prospective Nurses' Health Study (NHS) cohorts.

Methods: A total of 204,175 women were observed (NHS 1984-2016; NHSII 1991-2017). Semiquantitative food frequency questionnaires were completed every two to four years.

Risk prediction models for incident systemic lupus erythematosus among women in the Nurses' health study cohorts using genetics, family history, and lifestyle and environmental factors.

Objective: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a severe multisystem autoimmune disease that predominantly affects women. Its etiology is complex and multifactorial, with several known genetic and environmental risk factors, but accurate risk prediction models are still lacking. We developed SLE risk prediction models, incorporating known genetic, lifestyle and environmental risk factors, and family history.

Association of Sleep Deprivation and the Risk of Developing Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among Women.

Objective: Sleep deprivation has been associated with risk of autoimmune diseases. Using the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) (1986-2016) and NHSII (1989-2017) cohorts, we aimed in the present study to investigate whether sleep deprivation was associated with risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: Average sleep duration in a 24-hour period was reported in the NHS (1986-2014) and NHSII (1989-2009).

Association of Ultraviolet B Radiation and Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Among Women in the Nurses' Health Studies.

Objective: Ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure is associated with photosensitivity, rashes, and flares in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). However, it is not known whether UV exposure increases risk of developing SLE. We examined UV exposure and SLE risk in a large prospective cohort.

Association of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors and the Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis Among Women.

Objective: To investigate whether a healthy lifestyle, defined by a healthy lifestyle index score (HLIS), was associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk, overall and with seropositive/seronegative subtypes.

Methods: We analyzed female nurses in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1986-2016) and NHSII (1991-2017). Lifestyle and medical information were collected on biennial questionnaires.

Assessing improved risk prediction of rheumatoid arthritis by environmental, genetic, and metabolomic factors.

Objective: We sought to improve seropositive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk prediction using a novel weighted genetic risk score (wGRS) and preclinical plasma metabolites associated with RA risk. Predictive performance was compared to previously validated models including RA-associated environmental factors.

Methods: This nested case-control study matched incident seropositive RA cases (meeting ACR 1987 or EULAR/ACR 2010 criteria) in the Nurses' Health Studies (NHS) to two controls on age, blood collection features, and post-menopausal hormone use at pre-RA blood draw.

Passive Smoking Throughout the Life Course and the Risk of Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis in Adulthood Among Women.

Objective: To investigate passive smoking throughout the life course and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), while accounting for personal smoking.

Methods: We analyzed the Nurses' Health Study II prospective cohort, using information collected via biennial questionnaires. We assessed the influence of 1) maternal smoking during pregnancy (in utero exposure), 2) childhood parental smoking, and 3) years lived with smokers since age 18.

Association of a Combination of Healthy Lifestyle Behaviors With Reduced Risk of Incident Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Objective: While previous studies have demonstrated an association between individual factors related to lifestyle and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), it is unclear how the combination of these factors might affect the risk of incident SLE. This study was undertaken to prospectively evaluate whether a combination of healthy lifestyle factors is associated with a lower risk of incident SLE and its subtypes (anti-double-stranded DNA [anti-dsDNA]-positive and anti-dsDNA-negative SLE).

Methods: The study included 185,962 women from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHSII cohorts, among whom there were 203 incident cases of SLE (96 with anti-dsDNA-positive SLE, 107 with anti-dsDNA-negative SLE) during 4,649,477 person-years of follow-up.

Long-term weight changes and risk of rheumatoid arthritis among women in a prospective cohort: a marginal structural model approach.

Objective: To examine the association of long-term weight change with RA risk in a large prospective cohort study.

Methods: The Nurses' Health Study II started in 1989 (baseline); after exclusions, we studied 108 505 women 25-42 years old without RA. Incident RA was reported by participants and confirmed by medical record review.

Interactions Between Genome-Wide Genetic Factors and Smoking Influencing Risk of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus.

Objective: To identify interactions between genetic factors and current or recent smoking in relation to risk of developing systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: For the study, 673 patients with SLE (diagnosed according to the American College of Rheumatology 1997 updated classification criteria) were matched by age, sex, and race (first 3 genetic principal components) to 3,272 control subjects without a history of connective tissue disease. Smoking status was classified as current smoking/having recently quit smoking within 4 years before diagnosis (or matched index date for controls) versus distant past/never smoking.

Depression and Subsequent Risk for Incident Rheumatoid Arthritis Among Women.

Objective: To investigate the association of depression with subsequent risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by serologic phenotype.

Methods: We performed a cohort study using pooled data from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS; 1992-2014) and the NHSII (1993-2015). Depression was defined according to the following composite definition: diagnosis by clinician, regular antidepressant use, or a 5-question Mental Health Inventory score of <60 using time-updated questionnaires during follow-up.

Abdominal Obesity in Comparison with General Obesity and Risk of Developing Rheumatoid Arthritis in Women.

Objective: Being overweight or obese increases rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk among women, particularly among those diagnosed at a younger age. Abdominal obesity may contribute to systemic inflammation more than general obesity; thus, we investigated whether abdominal obesity, compared to general obesity, predicted RA risk in 2 prospective cohorts: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and NHS II.

Methods: We followed 50,682 women (1986-2014) in NHS and 47,597 women (1993-2015) in NHS II, without RA at baseline.

Associations Between Smoking and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus-Related Cytokines and Chemokines Among US Female Nurses.

Objective: Smoking has been associated with increased systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk, but the biologic basis for this association is unknown. Our objective was to investigate whether women's smoking was positively associated with SLE-associated proinflammatory chemokines/cytokines (stem cell factor [SCF], B lymphocyte stimulator [BLyS], interferon-γ-inducible 10-kd protein [IP-10], and interferon-α); or negatively associated with antiinflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10); and whether associations were modified by SLE-related autoantibody status.

Methods: The Nurses' Health Study (NHS, n = 121,700) and NHSII (n = 116,429) cohorts were begun in 1976 and 1989.

Regular use of proton pump inhibitor and risk of rheumatoid arthritis in women: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) have a significant impact on the gut microbiome, which in turn, might increase the risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Aim: To evaluate regular use of PPIs and risk of RA.

Methods: This is a prospective analysis of the US nurses who reported PPI use data, and were free of RA from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS 2002-2014) and NHS II (2003-2015).

Associations between daily alcohol consumption and systemic lupus erythematosus-related cytokines and chemokines among US female nurses without SLE.

Objectives: Moderate alcohol consumption has been associated with decreased systemic lupus erythematosus risk, but the biologic basis for this association is unknown. We aimed to determine whether moderate alcohol consumption was associated with lower concentrations of systemic lupus erythematosus-associated chemokines/cytokines in an ongoing cohort of female nurses without systemic lupus erythematosus, and whether the association was modified by the presence of systemic lupus erythematosus-related autoantibodies.

Methods: About 25% of participants from the Nurses' Health Study ( = 121,700 women) and Nurses' Health Study 2 ( = 116,429) donated a blood sample; of these, 1177 women were without systemic lupus erythematosus at time of donation.

Roles of Postdiagnosis Accumulation of Morbidities and Lifestyle Changes in Excess Total and Cause-Specific Mortality Risk in Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Objective: To elucidate how postdiagnosis multimorbidity and lifestyle changes contribute to the excess mortality of rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods: We performed a matched cohort study among women in the Nurses' Health Study (1976-2018). We identified women with incident RA and matched each by age and year to 10 non-RA comparators at the RA diagnosis index date.

Association of Childhood Abuse with Incident Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Adulthood in a Longitudinal Cohort of Women.

Objective: Exposure to severe stressors may alter immune function and augment inflammation and cytokine release, increasing risk of autoimmune disease. We examined whether childhood abuse was associated with a heightened risk of incident systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods: Data were drawn from the Nurses' Health Study II, a cohort of US female nurses enrolled in 1989, followed with biennial questionnaires.

Association of fish intake and smoking with risk of rheumatoid arthritis and age of onset: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Prior studies suggest that fish may be protective for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk perhaps through the anti-inflammatory effect of omega-3 fatty acid, but this relationship has not been clearly established. Therefore, we investigated fish intake and RA risk by serologic status, age of onset, and smoking using a prospective cohort study with large sample size, repeated measures of dietary intake, and lengthy follow-up.

Methods: We studied fish intake and RA risk among 166,013 women in two prospective cohorts, the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1984-2014) and NHSII (1991-2015).

Association of Depression With Risk of Incident Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Women Assessed Across 2 Decades.

Importance: It has long been hypothesized that depression may increase the risk of developing autoimmune disease; however, rigorous empirical evidence is sparse.

Objective: To evaluate whether an association exists between depression and risk of incident systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), a paradigmatic, systemic autoimmune disease.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This 20-year prospective, longitudinal cohort study evaluated data collected from 2 cohorts of women participating in the Nurses' Health Study (1996-2012) and the Nurses' Health Study II (1993-2013).

Inflammatory dietary pattern and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in women.

Our objective was to investigate whether a dietary pattern derived using inflammatory biomarkers is associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk. We prospectively followed 79,988 women in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS, 1984-2014) and 93,572 women in the NHSII (1991-2013); incident RA was confirmed by medical records. Food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) were completed at baseline and approximately every 4 years.

Cigarette smoking and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus, overall and by anti-double stranded DNA antibody subtype, in the Nurses' Health Study cohorts.

Objectives: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a heterogeneous autoimmune disease, subtyped according to clinical manifestations and autoantibodies. Evidence concerning cigarette smoking and SLE risk has been conflicting. We investigated smoking and SLE risk, overall and by anti-double stranded DNA (dsDNA) presence, in two prospective cohort studies.

Association of Trauma and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder With Incident Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in a Longitudinal Cohort of Women.

Objective: To conduct the first longitudinal study examining whether trauma exposure and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are associated with increased risk of incident systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in a civilian cohort.

Methods: We examined the association of trauma exposure and PTSD symptoms with SLE incidence over 24 years of follow-up in a US longitudinal cohort of women (n = 54,763). Incident SLE in women meeting ≥4 American College of Rheumatology criteria was ascertained by self-report and confirmed by medical record review.

Obesity and the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus among women in the Nurses' Health Studies.

Background: Obesity is increasingly prevalent and related to increased risk of several autoimmune diseases, likely via generation of inflammatory adipokines. Prior studies have not evaluated obesity in relation to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) risk. We prospectively evaluated whether obesity was associated with increased SLE risk among women in the U.

Long-term dietary quality and risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis in women.

Objectives: To evaluate the association between long-term dietary quality, measured by the 2010 Alternative Healthy Eating Index, and risk of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in women.

Methods: We prospectively followed 76 597 women in the Nurses' Health Study aged 30-55 years and 93 392 women in the Nurses' Health Study II aged 25-42 years at baseline and free from RA or other connective tissue diseases. The lifestyle, environmental exposure and anthropometric information were collected at baseline and updated biennially.