Validation of the 11+ Myco MS-PREP® Method for Determination of Aflatoxins, Fumonisins, Deoxynivalenol, Ochratoxin A, Zearalenone, HT-2, and T-2 Toxins in Cereals, Baby Food, Spices, and Animal Feed by Immunoaffinity Column with LC-MS/MS: AOAC Performance Tested MethodsSM 112401.

Background: The 11+Myco MS-PREP® Immunoaffinity Column (IAC) contains a gel suspension of monoclonal antibodies specific to the toxins of interest. Following sample extraction, the IAC is used for cleanup and concentration of mycotoxins prior to analysis by Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).

Objective: This study evaluated the IAC with LC-MS/MS method for Performance Tested Methods  SM certification for simultaneous determination and confirmation of Aflatoxins B1, B2, G1, G2, and M1; Deoxynivalenol, Fumonisins B1, B2, and B3; Ochratoxin A; T-2; HT-2; and Zearalenone from corn, wheat, cereal-based baby food (with and without dairy ingredients), paprika, chili powder and animal feed.

Atypical Presentation of a Penile Fracture With Unilateral Corpora Cavernosa and Urethral Injury.

A penile fracture is a rare but urgent urologic emergency that requires immediate surgical correction to preserve erectile function. It results from a rupture of the tunica albuginea of one or both corpora cavernosa. Patients classically will present with a history of recent sexual activity and a sudden "snap," followed by detumescence, pain, and swelling of the phallus.

The Gender Gap in Promotions: Inhibitors and Catalysts, Strategies to Close the Gap.

The gender gap is an amalgam of gender disparity issues in the workplace ranging from fewer opportunities to network, decreased funding for research, microaggressions, nebulous promotional criteria and difficulty achieving the perception of professionalism because of inherent gender bias. Contributing home factors include more substantial household duties for women typically, spouses who also have a career, and the inherent delay associated with maternity leave for those who choose to have children. This article subdivides gender disparity that impedes promotion into experiences inside and outside the workplace.

Medical Assistance in Dying and Palliative Care: Shared Trajectories.

Medical Assistance in Dying (MAID) and palliative care often have an antagonistic relationship in jurisdictions where both are legal, but the early ethical and legal history of palliative care closely mirrors that of MAID in important ways. Palliative practices that are commonplace today were considered homicide or "medically assisted death" in most jurisdictions until quite recently. Moreover, while many patients request MAID today for reasons that are criticized as "ableist," the same rationale is accepted without comment or judgment when used to justify withdrawal of life support or a discontinuation of life-prolonging therapies.

Medical Assistance in Dying, Palliative Care, Safety, and Structural Vulnerability.

As more jurisdictions consider legalizing medical assistance in dying or assisted death (AD), there is an ongoing debate about whether AD is driven by socioeconomic deprivation or inadequate supportive services. Attention has shifted away from population studies that refute this narrative, and focused on individual cases reported in the media that would appear to support these concerns. In this editorial, the authors address these concerns using recent experience in Canada, and argue that even if we accept these stories at face value, the logical policy response would be to address the root causes of structural vulnerability rather than attempt to restrict access to AD.

Male infertility and the human microbiome.

The historical belief in urology was that the genitourinary system should be sterile in a normal, healthy, asymptomatic adult. This idea was perpetuated for decades until research revealed a diverse microbiota existing in human anatomical niches that contributed to both human health and disease processes. In recent years, the search for an etiology and modifiable risk factors in infertility has turned to the human microbiome as well.

Surgical Preparation by Urology Trainees in 2021: The Interplay of Video and Print Resources.

Introduction: We investigate urology trainee preparation for surgical procedures by querying type and degree of video sources used and combination with traditional print materials for preparation of surgical procedures.

Methods: An Institutional Review Board-approved 13-question REDCap® survey was distributed to 145 American College of Graduate Medical Education-accredited urology residency programs. Social media were also used to recruit participants.

Emerging Issues on Tropane Alkaloid Contamination of Food in Europe.

The occurrence of tropane alkaloids (TAs), toxic plant metabolites, in food in Europe was studied to identify those TAs in food most relevant for human health. Information was extracted from the literature and the 2016 study from the European Food Safety Authority. Calystegines were identified as being inherent TAs in foods common in Europe, such as (potato), (eggplant, aubergine), (bell pepper) and (broccoli, Brussels sprouts).

Histologic Analysis of Buccal Graft Quality Stratified by Tobacco Use in Patients Undergoing Substitution Urethroplasty.

Objective: To determine if there are histologic differences relative to tobacco exposure in buccal mucosa. Substitution urethroplasty outcomes may be worse in tobacco users and we investigate if the buccal graft is inherently damaged due to chronic tobacco exposure.

Methods: Subjects undergoing substitution urethroplasty with buccal graft harvest were prospectively consented in this IRB approved study.

The pandemic and the delivery of palliative care and MAiD: What was the impact?

COVID-19 changed healthcare forever. But behind the headlines and news coverage of the emergency rooms and intensive care units, another quieter battle raged on. Within the field of palliative care, the ill and vulnerable were suffering greater distress and their clinicians were struggling to provide care.

Women in Academic Urology: A Qualitative Analysis of the Relationship Between Pregnancy, Parenting, and Delayed Promotion.

Objective: To determine the role that the burden of childbearing, including pregnancy and maternity leave, plays in academic promotion for women in urology, which has been shown to be delayed as compared to their male counterparts.

Methods: Female academic urologists of varying academic rank who have children were invited to participate in a semistructured interview. A representative sample from multiple subspecialties and geographic locations were targeted.

Development of learning objectives for a medical assistance in dying curriculum for Family Medicine Residency.

Background: Medical assistance in dying (MAID) became legal across Canada when Bill C-14 was passed in 2016. Currently, little is known about the most effective strategies for providing MAID education, and the importance of integrating MAID into existing curricula. In this study, a set of learning objectives (LOs) was developed to inform a foundational MAID curriculum in Canadian Family Medicine (FM) residency training programs.

Multi-institutional review of non-hypospadiac penile urethral stricture management and outcomes.

Objectives: Penile urethral stricture disease not associated with hypospadias is rare, and there is a wide range of commonly used surgical repair techniques for this disease. We sought to compile a multi-institutional database of patients who had surgical correction of strictures in the penile urethra not limited to the meatus, and who had no history of hypospadias, for analysis using the Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons length, urethral segment and etiology classification system.

Methods: A retrospective database from 13 institutions was compiled of patients who had undergone surgical correction of Trauma and Urologic Reconstructive Network of Surgeons length, urethral segment and etiology urethral stricture segments S2b/S2c and excluding E5, with a minimum follow-up time of 4 months.

Topical antiseptic at time of transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy is associated with fewer severe clinical infections and improves antibiotic stewardship.

Background: The 2017 AUA White Paper on prevention of prostate needle biopsy (PNB) complications highlights an algorithm for reducing procedural related infections. The incorporation of topical rectal antiseptic (TRS) at time of transrectal PNB is listed as one such modality. We present data on over 1000 transrectal PNB procedures to determine the impact of TRS on 1) infectious complications and 2) use of augmented procedural antibiotics.

Physiology of Erection and Pathophysiology of Erectile Dysfunction.

The science of penile erection, including recent advances in its molecular physiology and neuroanatomic pathways, is described. The pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction is presented, acknowledging associated disease states, and accordingly follows a practical classification scheme: vasculogenic, neurogenic, endocrine, and psychogenic.

Pyoderma gangrenosum of the penis.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a cutaneous inflammatory disorder that results in painful ulcers. Isolated penile PG is an exceedingly rare entity that has only been reported in a handful of cases. This case highlights the course of a 71-year old man with a locally destructive, nonhealing penile ulceration who was ultimately diagnosed with PG.

Widely Variable Parental Leave Practices for Urology Residency Programs in the United States.

Objective: To query a cohort of program directors to better understand the contemporary landscape of parental leave for urology trainees. The American Board of Urology mandates that a resident must work 46 weeks annually in order to not extend residency. We hypothesize that formal parental leave policies may vary by institution and may not be easily accessible.