Development and Evaluation of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Targeting Rabies-Specific IgM and IgG in Human Sera.

Immunity from rabies depends on rabies virus neutralizing antibodies (RVNA) induced after immunization; however, the influence of antibody isotype switching has not been extensively investigated. This has become particularly relevant with changes in World Health Organization (WHO) recommended rabies vaccine regimens that may influence RVNA isotype kinetics, potentially affecting the peak, and longevity, of RVNA immunoglobulin (IgG) levels. We developed rapid and reliable assays for quantifying the anti-rabies IgM/IgG class switch in human serum based on an indirect ELISA technique.

Correction: Briggs, D.J.; Moore, S.M. The Route of Administration of Rabies Vaccines: Comparing the Data. 2021, , 1252.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...

Robust humoral immune response against rabies virus in rabbits and guinea pigs immunized with plasmid DNA vectors encoding rabies virus glycoproteins - An approach to the production of polyclonal antibody reagents.

DNA-based immunization has been previously shown to be an efficient approach to induce robust immunity against infectious diseases in animals and humans. The advantages of DNA vaccines are simplicity of their construction and production, low cost, high stability, and ability to elicit a full spectrum of immune responses to target antigens. The goals of this study were (i) to assess the antibody immune response to rabies virus glycoproteins (rGPs) in rabbits and guinea pigs after intramuscular immunization with pTargeT and pVAC2-mcs mammalian expression vectors encoding either the wild-type (WT) or codon-optimized (cOPT) rGP genes; and (ii) to prepare in-house rabbit anti-rGP polyclonal antibody reagents suitable for in Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) and Indirect Fluorescent Antibody (IFA) assays.

Use of a Modified Preexposure Prophylaxis Vaccination Schedule to Prevent Human Rabies: Recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices - United States, 2022.

Human rabies is an acute, progressive encephalomyelitis that is nearly always fatal once symptoms begin. Several measures have been implemented to prevent human rabies in the United States, including vaccination of targeted domesticated and wild animals, avoidance of behaviors that might precipitate an exposure (e.g.

Sleep Disturbance and Quality of Life in Rheumatoid Arthritis: Prospective mHealth Study.

Background: Sleep disturbances and poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are common in people with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Sleep disturbances, such as less total sleep time, more waking periods after sleep onset, and higher levels of nonrestorative sleep, may be a driver of HRQoL. However, understanding whether these sleep disturbances reduce HRQoL has, to date, been challenging because of the need to collect complex time-varying data at high resolution.

A One Medicine Mission for an Effective Rabies Therapy.

Despite the disease's long history, little progress has been made toward a treatment for rabies. The prognosis for patient recovery remains dire. For any prospect of survival, patients require aggressive critical care, which physicians in rabies endemic areas may be reluctant or unable to provide given the cost, clinical expertise required, and uncertain outcome.

Lessons Learned from the Development and Demonstration of a PPE Inventory Monitoring System for US Hospitals.

An international system should be established to support personal protective equipment (PPE) inventory monitoring, particularly within the healthcare industry. In this article, the authors discuss the development and 15-week deployment of a proof-of-concept prototype that included the use of a Healthcare Trust Data Platform to secure and transmit PPE-related data. Seventy-eight hospitals participated, including 66 large hospital systems, 11 medium-sized hospital systems, and a single hospital.

Rabies virus neutralizing activity, pharmacokinetics, and safety of the monoclonal antibody mixture SYN023 in combination with rabies vaccination: Results of a phase 2, randomized, blinded, controlled trial.

Background: SYN023-002 is a randomized, blinded, controlled study comparing rabies virus neutralizing activity (RVNA) and safety of SYN023, a monoclonal anti-rabies antibody mixture, to human-serum derived anti-rabies immunoglobulin (RIG) when administered with commercially available vaccines to healthy adult volunteers.

Methods: Participants were randomized among 4 treatment groups (SYN023 + Imovax, SYN023 + RabAvert, HyperRab + Imovax, HyperRab + RabAvert). On Day 0, subjects received 1 dose of RIG (0.

Challenges of Rabies Serology: Defining Context of Interpretation.

The case fatality rate of rabies, nearly 100%, is one of the most unique characteristic of this ancient virus infection. The crucial role rabies virus neutralizing antibody plays in protection is both well established and explanation of why rabies serology is important. Various laboratory methods can and have been used but serum neutralization methods have long been the gold standard due to the ability to measure function (neutralization), however these methods can be difficult to perform for several reasons.

Applying the Social Vulnerability Index as a Leading Indicator to Protect Fire-Based Emergency Medical Service Responders' Health.

During emergencies, areas with higher social vulnerability experience an increased risk for negative health outcomes. However, research has not extrapolated this concept to understand how the workers who respond to these areas may be affected. Researchers from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) merged approximately 160,000 emergency response calls received from three fire departments during the COVID-19 pandemic with the CDC's publicly available Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) to examine the utility of SVI as a leading indicator of occupational health and safety risks.

The Route of Administration of Rabies Vaccines: Comparing the Data.

Cell culture rabies vaccines were initially licensed in the 1980s and are essential in the prevention of human rabies. The first post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) vaccination regimen recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) was administered intramuscularly over a lengthy three-month period. In efforts to reduce the cost of PEP without impinging on safety, additional research on two strategies was encouraged by the WHO including the development of less expensive production methods for CCVs and the administration of reduced volumes of CCVs via the intradermal (ID) route.

Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Neutralizing Activity of SYN023, a Mixture of Two Novel Antirabies Monoclonal Antibodies Intended for Use in Postrabies Exposure Prophylaxis.

SYN023 is a mixture of 2 humanized monoclonal antirabies antibodies (CTB011, CTB012). Two first-in-human studies evaluated ascending intramuscular (IM) injected doses (Study SYN023-001; N = 15) and IM vs subcutaneous (SC) administration (Study SYN023-003; N = 35) in healthy adults. In both studies, end points were safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics/rabies virus neutralizing activity (RVNA), and immunogenicity (anti-SYN023 antibodies).

The Influence of β-1,3-1,6-Glucans on Rabies Vaccination Titers in Cats.

β-glucans have been shown to stimulate the immune system in several animal species. The aim of this study was to evaluate the immune stimulation capacity of a fully formulated diet with β-1,3-1,6-glucans in cats, by assessing the rabies antibody titer after vaccination. Thirty-five healthy cats were recruited.

Developing a methodology to collect empirical data that informs policy and practices for stockpiling personal protective equipment.

Background: Personal protective equipment (PPE) are stockpiled across the nation to offset supply depletion during public health emergencies. Stockpiled PPE inventories vary across the United States by type, model, quantity, and the conditions in which they are stored. Over the past decade, federal, state, and local stockpile managers have had concerns for the viability of aging PPE.

Rabies: Current Preventive Strategies.

Desensitization to rabies is a result of successfully eliminating canine rabies in the United States, which occurred in 2007; however, the need for mandatory rabies vaccination in pets remains. Rabies cases are rare in comparison with other vaccine-preventable diseases in companion animals; however, because it is a zoonotic disease with the highest case fatality rate of any infectious disease demands the establishment of strict laws for disease prevention. Preventive strategies include addressing current concerns in consideration of disease surveillance, appropriate vaccination recommendations, and local regulations protecting public health.

Interstitial Lung Diseases in the U.S. Mining Industry: Using MSHA Data to Examine Trends and the Prevention Effects of Compliance with Health Regulations, 1996-2015.

Given the recent increase in dust-induced lung disease among U.S. coal miners and the respiratory hazards encountered across the U.

Examining Factors that Influence the Existence of Heinrich's Safety Triangle Using Site-Specific H&S Data from More than 25,000 Establishments.

In the 1930s, Heinrich established one of the most prominent and enduring accident prevention theories when he concluded that high severity occupational safety and health (OSH) incidents are preceded by numerous lower severity incidents and near misses. Seventy-five years of theory expansion/interpretation includes two fundamental tenets: (1) the ratio of lower to higher severity incidents exists in the form of a "safety-triangle" and (2) similar causes underlie both high and low severity events. Although used extensively to inform public policy and establishment-level health and safety priorities, recent research challenges the validity of the two tenets.

Risk factors for inadequate antibody response to primary rabies vaccination in dogs under one year of age.

Ensuring the adequacy of response to rabies vaccination in dogs is important, particularly in the context of pet travel. Few studies have examined the factors associated with dogs' failure to achieve an adequate antibody titer after vaccination (0.5 IU/ml).

Rabies Virus Antibodies from Oral Vaccination as a Correlate of Protection against Lethal Infection in Wildlife.

Both cell-mediated and humoral immune effectors are important in combating rabies infection, although the humoral response receives greater attention regarding rabies prevention. The principle of preventive vaccination has been adopted for strategies of oral rabies vaccination (ORV) of wildlife reservoir populations for decades to control circulation of rabies virus in free-ranging hosts. There remains much debate about the levels of rabies antibodies (and the assays to measure them) that confer resistance to rabies virus.