Atypical Presentation of a Penile Fracture With Unilateral Corpora Cavernosa and Urethral Injury.

A penile fracture is a rare but urgent urologic emergency that requires immediate surgical correction to preserve erectile function. It results from a rupture of the tunica albuginea of one or both corpora cavernosa. Patients classically will present with a history of recent sexual activity and a sudden "snap," followed by detumescence, pain, and swelling of the phallus.

The Gender Gap in Promotions: Inhibitors and Catalysts, Strategies to Close the Gap.

The gender gap is an amalgam of gender disparity issues in the workplace ranging from fewer opportunities to network, decreased funding for research, microaggressions, nebulous promotional criteria and difficulty achieving the perception of professionalism because of inherent gender bias. Contributing home factors include more substantial household duties for women typically, spouses who also have a career, and the inherent delay associated with maternity leave for those who choose to have children. This article subdivides gender disparity that impedes promotion into experiences inside and outside the workplace.

Male infertility and the human microbiome.

The historical belief in urology was that the genitourinary system should be sterile in a normal, healthy, asymptomatic adult. This idea was perpetuated for decades until research revealed a diverse microbiota existing in human anatomical niches that contributed to both human health and disease processes. In recent years, the search for an etiology and modifiable risk factors in infertility has turned to the human microbiome as well.

Surgical Preparation by Urology Trainees in 2021: The Interplay of Video and Print Resources.

Introduction: We investigate urology trainee preparation for surgical procedures by querying type and degree of video sources used and combination with traditional print materials for preparation of surgical procedures.

Methods: An Institutional Review Board-approved 13-question REDCap® survey was distributed to 145 American College of Graduate Medical Education-accredited urology residency programs. Social media were also used to recruit participants.

Histologic Analysis of Buccal Graft Quality Stratified by Tobacco Use in Patients Undergoing Substitution Urethroplasty.

Objective: To determine if there are histologic differences relative to tobacco exposure in buccal mucosa. Substitution urethroplasty outcomes may be worse in tobacco users and we investigate if the buccal graft is inherently damaged due to chronic tobacco exposure.

Methods: Subjects undergoing substitution urethroplasty with buccal graft harvest were prospectively consented in this IRB approved study.

Women in Academic Urology: A Qualitative Analysis of the Relationship Between Pregnancy, Parenting, and Delayed Promotion.

Objective: To determine the role that the burden of childbearing, including pregnancy and maternity leave, plays in academic promotion for women in urology, which has been shown to be delayed as compared to their male counterparts.

Methods: Female academic urologists of varying academic rank who have children were invited to participate in a semistructured interview. A representative sample from multiple subspecialties and geographic locations were targeted.

Physiology of Erection and Pathophysiology of Erectile Dysfunction.

The science of penile erection, including recent advances in its molecular physiology and neuroanatomic pathways, is described. The pathophysiology of erectile dysfunction is presented, acknowledging associated disease states, and accordingly follows a practical classification scheme: vasculogenic, neurogenic, endocrine, and psychogenic.

Pyoderma gangrenosum of the penis.

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is a cutaneous inflammatory disorder that results in painful ulcers. Isolated penile PG is an exceedingly rare entity that has only been reported in a handful of cases. This case highlights the course of a 71-year old man with a locally destructive, nonhealing penile ulceration who was ultimately diagnosed with PG.

Widely Variable Parental Leave Practices for Urology Residency Programs in the United States.

Objective: To query a cohort of program directors to better understand the contemporary landscape of parental leave for urology trainees. The American Board of Urology mandates that a resident must work 46 weeks annually in order to not extend residency. We hypothesize that formal parental leave policies may vary by institution and may not be easily accessible.

Urinary tract foreign body: A case of panurethral and intravesical spray foam insulation.

Foreign bodies are inserted into the genitourinary tract for various reasons, and may present a challenge to remove. We report a case of foam insulation injected into the urethra almost entirely occluding the urethra and filling the bladder. Ultimately both a cystotomy and perineal urethrotomy were required for removal.

Management of common iatrogenic iris defects induced by cataract surgery.

The proximity of the iris to the instruments and currents of cataract surgery makes iatrogenic damage to the iris a common complication of cataract surgery. This article discusses techniques to prevent or minimize this damage. When damage does occur, the surgeon must decide if, when, and how to repair the damage.

Phacoemulsification of posterior polar cataracts.

Posterior polar cataracts present a unique challenge for the cataract surgeon. This review describes the steps a surgeon can take to overcome these challenges for the successful phacoemulsification of the posterior polar cataract. Proper preoperative examination and diagnostics will allow appropriate preoperative counseling and surgical planning to increase the likelihood of success.

Sexual Harassment in Ophthalmology: A Survey Study.

This anonymous survey identifies a sexual harassment prevalence of 59% among ophthalmologists responding through the Women in Ophthalmology listserv. The authors urge implementation of sexual harassment policies within our professional societies, accreditation councils and workplaces.

History of Histamine-Releasing Factor (HRF)/Translationally Controlled Tumor Protein (TCTP) Including a Potential Therapeutic Target in Asthma and Allergy.

Histamine-releasing factor (HRF) also known as translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) is a highly conserved, ubiquitous protein that has both intracellular and extracellular functions. Here we will highlight the subcloning of the molecule, its clinical implications, as well as an inducible-transgenic mouse. Particular attention will be paid to its extracellular functioning and its potential role as a therapeutic target in asthma and allergy.

Nationwide Procedural Trends for Renal Trauma Management.

Objective: To characterize national trends in procedural management of renal trauma.

Background: Management of renal trauma has evolved to favor a more conservative approach. For patients requiring intervention, there is a paucity of information to characterize the nature of procedural therapy administered.

Periurethral Gland Calculus Discovered on Workup for Dyspareunia.

A 55-year-old woman with a history of chronic dysuria in the absence of infection was found to have an unusual lesion below the urethral meatus. This was subsequently determined to be a periurethral gland containing a sizeable calculus. Pathologic analysis found the composition to be car bonate apatite (dahllite).

Sex Differences Among Career Development Awardees in the Attainment of Independent Research Funding in a Department of Medicine.

Background: National data suggest that women are overall less likely than men to attain independent research funding. However, it remains unclear whether such sex differences are also observed in academic institutions that have integrated diversity in the workplace as a priority.

Methods: During 1999-2008, all National Institutes of Health (NIH) Career Development (K01, K08, or K23) awardees in the Department of Medicine at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine were identified to investigate differences in the attainment of independent funding by sex, including NIH Research Project Grant (R01) or equivalent awards, (U01, P01, P50), and any R award (also R03, R21, R34) through 2012.

Through a Gender Lens: A View of Gender and Leadership Positions in a Department of Medicine.

Background: Despite increasing numbers in academic medicine, women remain underrepresented in top leadership positions. The objectives of this study were to characterize leadership positions held by department of medicine (DOM) faculty at all ranks at one Academic Health Center and to compare leadership positions held by male and female faculty.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional survey to collect information on all leadership positions from 16 divisions in the DOM at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in early 2012, including type of position, method used to fill the position, and financial compensation.

Potential role of histamine releasing factor (HRF) as a therapeutic target for treating asthma and allergy.

Histamine releasing factor (HRF), also known as translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), is a highly conserved, ubiquitous protein that has both intracellular and extracellular functions. Here, we will highlight the history of the molecule, its clinical implications with a focus on its extracellular functioning, and its potential role as a therapeutic target in asthma and allergy. The cells and cytokines produced when stimulated or primed by HRF/TCTP are detailed as well as the downstream signaling pathway that HRF/TCTP elicits.

Histamine-releasing factor has a proinflammatory role in mouse models of asthma and allergy.

IgE-mediated activation of mast cells and basophils underlies allergic diseases such as asthma. Histamine-releasing factor (HRF; also known as translationally controlled tumor protein [TCTP] and fortilin) has been implicated in late-phase allergic reactions (LPRs) and chronic allergic inflammation, but its functions during asthma are not well understood. Here, we identified a subset of IgE and IgG antibodies as HRF-interacting molecules in vitro.