Intraperitoneal daptomycin dosing for peritonitis may be inadequate: a Monte Carlo simulation approach to optimize dosing and outcomes.

A two-compartmental mathematical pharmacokinetic model with first-order elimination of patients receiving CAPD of 4 exchanges for 6 h with 2 L of dialysate used in each cycle was developed to predict daptomycin disposition in 120 h of therapy. The pharmacodynamic target was plasma AUC/MIC equal to or greater than 666. The dose that achieved at least 90% of the probability of target attainment was defined as an optimal dose.

Erratum to "Impact of pharmacist intervention to deprescribe inappropriate aspirin therapy in an outpatient anticoagulation clinic at a community hospital" [Am. Heart J. Plus: Cardiol. Res. Pract. volume 17, May 2022, 100165].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.ahjo.

Antibiotic dosing recommendations in critically ill patients receiving new innovative kidney replacement therapy.

Background: The Tablo Hemodialysis System is a new innovative kidney replacement therapy (KRT) providing a range of options for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. The use of various effluent rate and treatment durations/frequencies may clear antibiotics differently than traditional KRT. This Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) study was to develop antibiotic doses likely to attain therapeutic targets for various KRT combinations.

Stability and compatibility of intraperitoneal antimicrobials in peritoneal dialysate solutions.

To optimise antimicrobial administration in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD)-related peritonitis, healthcare providers need literature-based information to develop patient-centred pharmacotherapeutic plans. Traditional PD solutions promote osmosis using dextrose or icodextrin with a lactate buffer. Newer PD solutions have modified the osmotic vehicle and buffer.

Vancomycin and daptomycin dosing recommendations in patients receiving home hemodialysis using Monte Carlo simulation.

Background: Few drug dosing recommendations for patients receiving home hemodialysis (HHD) have been published which has hindered the adoption of HHD. HHD regimens vary widely and differ considerably from conventional, thrice weekly, in-center hemodialysis in terms of treatment frequency, duration and blood and dialysate flow rates. Consequently, vancomycin and daptomycin clearances in HHD are also likely to be different, consequently HHD dosing regimens must be developed to ensure efficacy and minimize toxicity when these antibiotics are used.

Optimal antipseudomonal ꞵ-lactam drug dosing recommendations in critically-ill Asian patients receiving CRRT.

Introduction: The average body weight is smaller in Asian patients compared with Western patients, but influence of body weight in antibiotic dosing is unknown. This study was to predict the optimal ceftazidime, cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam doses in Asian patients undergoing continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH).

Methods: Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) were performed using published Asian demographics and pharmacokinetics parameters in 5000 virtual patients at three CVVH effluent rates (Qeff; 20, 30, 40 mL/kg/h).

Impact of pharmacist intervention to deprescribe inappropriate aspirin therapy in an outpatient anticoagulation clinic at a community hospital.

Study Objective: This study describes a pharmacist-led process to identify and discontinue inappropriate aspirin in patients receiving concomitant anticoagulant therapy and to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention.

Setting: The study took place in an outpatient anticoagulation clinic within a small community hospital.

Participants: Patients ≥40 years old on indefinite anticoagulation therapy for atrial fibrillation and/or venous thromboembolism were included.

An optimal extended-infusion dosing of cefepime and ceftazidime in critically ill patients with continuous renal replacement therapy.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine optimal extended-infusion dosing regimens for cefepime and ceftazidime in critically ill patients receiving continuous renal replacement therapy using Monte Carlo Simulations (MCS).

Materials And Methods: Pharmacokinetic models were built using published pharmacokinetic/demographic data to predict drug disposition in 5000 virtual critically ill patients receiving continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH) with the standard (20-30 mL/kg/h) and a higher (40 mL/kg/h) effluent rates. MCS was performed to assess the probability of target attainment (PTA) of four cefepime and ceftazidime doses administered over 4-h with the target of ≥60% fT > 4×MIC.

Elective Induction of Labor or Expectant Management: Outcomes Among Nulliparous Women with Uncomplicated Pregnancies.

Introduction: Cesarean birth rates among women who are nulliparous with uncomplicated full-term pregnancies have been shown to decrease if labor is electively induced. The purpose of this study was to compare the cesarean birth rate for women with pregnancies at 39.0 weeks' gestation or later admitted for spontaneous labor or medically indicated induction of labor (IOL) with that of women receiving elective IOL at term.

Comparison of antimicrobial dosing recommendations in patients receiving intermittent hemodialysis among drug information resources.

What Is Known And Objective: Tertiary drug information resources are frequently consulted for the optimal antimicrobial dosing in intermittent hemodialysis (IHD) patients. Yet, significant discrepancy may exist in dosing recommendations between resources. This study was to evaluate the consistency of antimicrobial dosing recommendations in IHD among four different drug information resources and the relevance of referenced pharmacokinetic studies.

Telavancin pharmacokinetics in patients with chronic kidney disease receiving haemodialysis.

Background: Telavancin is a lipoglycopeptide antibiotic with limited pharmacokinetic data to guide drug dosing in patients receiving haemodialysis.

Objectives: This study characterized telavancin pharmacokinetics in patients receiving haemodialysis.

Patients And Methods: This was a Phase IV, prospective, open-label, single-centre, crossover pharmacokinetic study (ClinicalTrials.

Further Adaptations and Reflections by an Assertive Community Treatment Team to Serve Clients with Severe Mental Illness During COVID-19.

In September of 2020, Guan and colleagues wrote about their experience of an Assertive Community Psychiatry Program responding to the COVID-19 pandemic. We describe our own experience as an Assertive Community Treatment team in Minnesota responding to challenges of effectively and safely delivering service to clients. As the pandemic has progressed since last year, so has the literature, and updated references are highlighted.

Evaluation and Development of Vancomycin Dosing Schemes to Meet New AUC/MIC Targets in Intermittent Hemodialysis Using Monte Carlo Simulation Techniques.

Published vancomycin dosing recommendations for patients receiving maintenance hemodialysis were not designed to meet newly recommended 24-hour area under the curve/minimum inhibitory concentration (AUC /MIC) pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic targets. The aims of this study were to predict pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic target attainment rates with a commonly used vancomycin regimen and to design a new dosing scheme incorporating therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to maximize target attainment in patients receiving vancomycin and hemodialysis with high- or low-flux hemodialyzers. Vancomycin pharmacokinetic- and dialysis-specific parameters were incorporated into Monte Carlo simulations (MCS).

Harmonizing antibiotic regimens with renal replacement therapy.

: Critically ill patients with acute kidney injury often require renal replacement therapy and antibiotic therapy. Mortality rates are high in these patients, possibly due to ineffective dosing due to altered pharmacokinetic profiles and drug removal by renal replacement therapy. : The main types of renal replacement therapies are intermittent hemodialysis, prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy and continuous renal replacement therapy.

Quinolone Allergy.

Quinolones are the second most common antibiotic class associated with drug-induced allergic reactions, but data on quinolone allergy are scarce. This review article discusses the available evidence on quinolone allergy, including prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, clinical manifestations, cross-reactivity, and management of allergic reactions. Although the incidence of quinolone allergy is still lower than beta-lactams, it has been increasingly reported in recent decades, most likely from its expanded use and the introduction of moxifloxacin.

Group Prenatal Care Reduces Risk of Preterm Birth and Low Birth Weight: A Matched Cohort Study.

Background: Group prenatal care is a promising strategy to improve perinatal outcomes. Research in larger more diverse populations with attention to adherence is needed to inform clinical practice recommendations. We examined the impact of group prenatal care on preterm birth and low birth weight in a large metropolitan hospital, accounting for patient adherence, over an 8.

Reframing "participation" and "inclusion" in public health policy and practice to address health inequalities: Evidence from a major resident-led neighbourhood improvement initiative.

There is a need for greater conceptual clarity in place-based initiatives that seek to give residents of disadvantaged neighbourhoods more control over action to address the social determinants of health inequalities at a local level. In this article, we address this issue as it relates to the concepts of participation and inclusion. We draw on qualitative data generated during the first phase of the Communities in Control Study, a longitudinal multisite independent evaluation of the impact of Big Local on the social determinants of health and health inequalities.

Development of a vancomycin dosing approach for critically ill patients receiving hybrid hemodialysis using Monte Carlo simulation.

Objectives: Prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy is an increasingly popular treatment for acute kidney injury in critically ill patients that runs at different flow rates and durations than conventional hemodialysis or continuous renal replacement therapies. Pharmacokinetic studies conducted in patients receiving prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy are scarce; consequently, clinicians are challenged to dose antibiotics effectively. The purpose of this study was to develop vancomycin dosing recommendations for patients receiving prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy.

A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach for Beta-Lactam Dosing in Critically Ill Patients Receiving Prolonged Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapy.

Cefepime, ceftazidime, and piperacillin/tazobactam are commonly used beta-lactam antibiotics in the critical care setting. For critically ill patients receiving prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT), limited pharmacokinetic data are available to inform clinicians on the dosing of these agents. Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) can be used to guide drug dosing when pharmacokinetic trials are not feasible.